Preparation and characterization of PVA/OMMT composites

In this study, polyvinyl alcohol/organically modified montmorillonite (HDA/MMT; organoclay) composite was prepared for the intercalation processes. Firstly, the rheological behavior of aqueous montmorillonite dispersions was investigated as a function of solid content. Hexadecylamine (HDA) was added to the montmorillonite dispersion (2%, w/w) in different concentrations in the range of 5 × 10^?4 – 9 × 10^?3 mmol/L. The basal spacing of the organoclay (OMMT) was studied by X‐ray diffraction. The FTIR spectra are obtained from the modified montmorillonite products, which revealed the characteristic absorbencies after treatment with HDA. HDA/MMT/PVA composite, which was produced by the reaction of 1 wt % PVA solution with organoclay complex, is characterized by the rheology, electrokinetic, XRD, FTIR, and SEM techniques. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:2315–2323, 2006     

Isothermal crystallization kinetics and melting behavior of nylon/saponite and nylon/montmorillonite nanocomposites

DSC thermal analysis and X‐ray diffraction have been used to investigate the isothermal crystallization behavior and crystalline structure of nylon 6/clay nanocomposites. Nylon 6/clay has prepared by the intercalation of ε‐caprolactam and then exfoliating the layered silicates by subsequent polymerization. The DSC isothermal results reveal that introducing saponite into the nylon structure causes strongly heterogeneous nucleation induced change of the crystal growth process from a two‐dimensional crystal growth to a three dimensional spherulitic growth. But the crystal growth mechanism of nylon/montmorillonite nanocomposites is a mixed two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional spherulitic growth. The activation energy drastically decreases with the presence of 2.5 wt % clay in nylon/clay nanocomposites and then slightly increases with increasing clay content. The result indicates that the addition of clay into nylon induces the heterogeneous nucleation (a lower ΔE) at lower clay content and then reduces the transportation ability of polymer chains during crystallization processes at higher clay content (a higher ΔE). The correlation among crystallization kinetics, melting behavior, and crystalline structure of nylon/clay nanocomposites is also discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2196–2204, 2004     

铜离子-氧化锌/十六烷基铵基吡啶-蒙脱石吸附大肠杆菌的能力

以蒙脱石(montmorillonite,MMT)、铜离子(Cu2 )、氧化锌(ZnO)和十六烷基铵基吡啶(cetylpyridinium,CP)为主要原料,制备了MMT基系列细菌吸附剂Cu2 -ZnO/CP-MMT,Cu2 -ZnO/MMT,ZnO/MMT和MMT,并比较它们吸附大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli)的能力.结果表明:上述材料与E.coli作用1.5 h后均可达到吸附平衡,吸附率大小顺序为Cu2 -ZnO/CP-MMT＞Cu2 -ZnO/MMT＞ZnO/MMT＞MMT.介质的pH值、离子强度和吸附温度对MMT基矿物材料吸附E.coli的能力有不同程度的影响.MMT基矿物材料吸附E.coli为吸热过程,在实验温度范围内自发进行.     

UHMWPE/蒙脱土纳米复合材料结构与流动性的关系

采用甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵对微米尺度的蒙脱土进行离子交换，所得有机蒙脱土与少量引发剂和超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)共混后，在双螺杆挤出机上进行反应挤出，得到了具有一定流动性能的UHM—WPE／蒙脱土纳米复合材料。该纳米复合材料熔体的流动性能较UHMWPE高出许多；用X衍射、透射电子显微镜等表征方法研究了这种纳米复合材料的相结构，通过稳态和动态流变试验研究了其流变性能与蒙脱土含量的关系，分析了UHMWPE熔体大分子解缠结机理。     

Thermal analysis of montmorillonites modified with quaternary phosphonium and ammonium surfactants

The thermal stability of seven organically modified montmorillonites (‘organoclays’) has been investigated using differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry in conjunction with X-ray diffractometry. Six organoclays were synthesised by replacing the interlayer inorganic cations, initially present, with quaternary phosphonium and ammonium surfactant cations. The samples modified with tetrabutylphosphonium (TBP), and butyltriphenylphosphonium (BTPP) ions have an appreciably higher thermal stability than the octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA)-modified clays. Thus, in the case of TBP- and BTPP-modified montmorillonites, the onset temperature of decomposition is close to 300 °C. Samples modified with hexadecyltributylphosphonium (HDTBP) ions have a lower onset temperature of decomposition of 225 °C. In comparison, the onset temperature for ODTMA-montmorillonites (obtained at different concentrations of ODTMA-bromide) ranges from 158 to 222 °C, being highest where the concentration of intercalated surfactant is lowest. The onset temperature for a commercial alkylsilane-treated quaternary ammonium-modified organoclay (S-BEN N-400FP) is 207 °C. The basal spacing of the TBP- and BTPP-modified clays is 1.7–1.8 nm, indicating a monolayer arrangement of quaternary phosphonium ions in the interlayer space, while the value of 2.5 nm for HDTBP-montmorillonite indicates a more open structure. The ODTMA-modified samples have basal spacings ranging from 1.9 to 2.1 nm, indicative of a bilayer to pseudo-trilayer arrangement. The exceptionally high basal spacing of 3.4 nm for the S-BEN N-400FP organoclay might be due to interlayer penetration of organosilane hydrolysis products during synthesis. The thermal properties of organoclays are apparently related to the nature of the surfactants and their arrangement in the interlayer space of montmorillonite.     

聚丙烯酰胺／蒙脱土仿贝壳纳米复合材料的制备

研究了电泳沉积制备聚丙烯酰胺／蒙脱土纳米层状复合材料的过程中悬浮液的性能、电泳沉积的参数对材料的制备以及结构的影响。通过改变有机／无机的相对浓度、调节电压和沉积时间，制备出均匀的薄膜。结果表明，随着单体浓度的增加，溶液的zeta电位和电导率降低，溶液变得不稳定。XRD和FTIR表明，单体插层进入蒙脱土的层间后，经过紫外照射而聚合，随着单体浓度的改变，蒙脱土的层间结构发生了变化。通过SEM，可以观察到材料呈现天然贝壳的层状结构。     

粘合体系对天然橡胶复合材料性能的影响

本文以木质纤维素/蒙脱土、炭黑为增强材料,制备了天然橡胶复合材料,探讨了以间苯二酚(R-80)、六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺(HMMM)和新癸酸钴为主要成分的粘合体系对天然橡胶复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:间-甲-钴粘合体系大幅提高了天然橡胶复合材料的焦烧时间(T_(10))和正硫化时间(T_(90)),降低了其硫化速度(V_(C1));力学测试显示,粘合体系对复合材料的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和断裂伸长率的影响相当大;提高了复合材料的邵氏A硬度、密度和耐磨性。     

4,4’-二氨基二苯砜固化环氧树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料反应动力学的研究

选择4,4’-二氨基二苯砜（DDS）作为固化剂,采用非等温DSC法研究了双酚A缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂（E-51）/有机蒙脱土（MMT）纳米复合材料的固化反应动力学,根据Kissinger方程计算出该反应的表观活化能（ΔE）为59.91 kJ/mol,基于Crane方程计算得到该反应的反应级数为0.89,表明该反应为一复杂反应,根据固化反应动力学测试结果确定了E-51/DDS/MMT体系固化成型工艺.     

高分子乳液/蒙脱土杂化物对废纸纤维的增强作用

通过乳液聚合制备了高分子乳液/蒙脱土杂化物,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)等表征了杂化物的结构。研究了高分子乳液/蒙脱土杂化物对废纤维物理性能和防水性能的影响。结果表明,高分子乳液/蒙脱土杂化物中蒙脱土的分散主要以插层型、剥离型和聚集体的形式存在。当高分子乳液/蒙脱土杂化物中蒙脱土含量为质量分数3%时,它对废纸纤维物理性能的增强效果最好,并能大大提高废纸纤维的防水性能。