蒙脱土改性聚乙烯复合材料的高场介电性能研究

利用熔融插层法制备了聚乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,研究蒙脱土对聚乙烯介电性能的影响。研究分析了纯聚乙烯和不同的聚乙烯/蒙脱土复合材料的树枝化性能,通过直流预电应力电树引发试验,探讨了空间电荷的极性效应对不同材料树枝化性能的影响。试验结果表明:与纯聚乙烯和其他复合材料相比,加入相容剂的聚乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的电树潜伏期更长,电树生长速度更慢,而且显示出与LDPE不同的极性效应。不同材料的热激电流(TSC)试验结果显示:聚乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的松弛时间分布展宽,峰值增高,说明在纳米复合材料中引入了更多的陷阱能级,这些陷阱调制了载流子浓度和迁移率,从而抑制了树枝的起始与生长。     

储层敏感性机理及防治对策研究

王庄油田郑408块沙三段属于敏感性储层,现场采用冷采、蒸汽吞吐、注入CO2、HDCS等多种开采方式,效果均不理想。在对该区块储层特征、敏感性机理深入研究的基础上,得出黏土矿物含量相对较高,其中蒙脱石含量平均高达41%,致使储层具有强~极强水敏性,因此认为黏土矿物是影响储层渗透率、制约开发效果的主要因素。蒙脱石在富钙环境中会产生钙基蒙脱石,在富钠环境中会产生钠基蒙脱石。蒙脱石具有三层水结构:表层水、层间水和晶格水,失水由易到难,当温度达到300℃时,蒙脱石失去膨胀性能;长期在高温(800~1000℃)下,蒙脱石晶格破坏,产生相变,转化为莫来石和方石英。因此,实施注汽热采需把蒸汽温度提高到250~300℃,干度保持在70%。室内防膨静态和防膨流动实验表明,当SLAS-3防膨剂浓度为1.5%,黏土膨胀率为0,可以很好地起到抑制黏土膨胀的作用。该项成果的取得对指导王庄油田郑408块的开发具有重要的实用价值,同时也为同类油藏的开发提供了一定的借鉴。     

Strategic Shuffling of Clay Layers to Imbue Them with Responsiveness

Layers of naturally occurring clay minerals are rearranged to prepare highly sensitive multiresponsive clay–clay bilayer membrane (CCBM). The CCBM introduced here responds to the minuscule changes in the surrounding environments including temperature, humidity, and presence of solvent vapors by morphing in specific manners. Strips cut from CCBM exhibit up to 588 N kg^?1 force output when exposed to temperature fluctuations. Inheriting the natural stability of clay minerals, CCBM demonstrates extreme robustness, heating up to 500 °C, cooling with liquid N₂ and exposure to corrosive chemical vapors did not deteriorate its bending performance. Mechanistic studies suggest that shape transformations of CCBM are driven by the unequal response of its components to external stimuli.     

Release properties of cinnamaldehyde loaded by montmorillonite in chitosan-based antibacterial food packaging

This work aimed to prepare a controlled-release antibacterial food packaging film by solvent volatilisation using chitosan (CS) and acidified modified montmorillonite (MMt) loaded with CIN (acid-MMt-CIN). MMt was successfully acidified and CIN was successfully loaded into acid-MMt, which had been confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The coordination of acid-MMt-CIN significantly increased the barrier properties of CS film to water vapour, as well as the rigidity and ductility of the film. Furthermore, the CS/acid-MMt-CIN film could significantly improve their UV resistance. It was found that the CIN release time of CS/acid-MMt-CIN film in isooctane (simulated fatty food) could reach 168 h, which was 72 h longer than that of CS/CIN film. The addition of acid-MMt-CIN had a significant inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In short, CS/acid-MMt-CIN film could potentially be used as an antibacterial active food packaging film.     

Preparation and characterization of light‐cured methacrylate/montmorillonite nanocomposites

Polymer/clay nanocomposites were prepared from dimethacrylate monomers, commonly used in dental restorative resins, and an organically modified silicate (montmorillonite). The photopolymerization process was hardly affected by the presence of the silicate filler, and thus 2 mm thick samples containing 3 wt% clay were extensively cured. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the montmorillonite platelets were either intercalated or exfoliated. Nevertheless, for all formulations, intermediate‐sized aggregates of about 1 µm were present and their fraction increased as the amount of filler increased. The presence of the clay was found to have no major effect on the flexural modulus and compressive yield strength of the nanocomposites. Moreover, the water uptake of nanocomposites containing 3 wt% clay was about 10–15% higher than that of unfilled monomers. Modification of the clay surface with alternative organic cations is certainly necessary in order to achieve an optimal dispersion of the clay in the polymer matrix. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料阻燃性研究进展

根据层状硅酸盐(黏土)可增强聚合物纳米复合材料阻燃性能的研究进展,本文综述了聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备方法,指出熔融插层是一种高效可行、环境友好的制备方法;从硅酸盐在纳米复合材料中产生的阻碍效应、自由基诱导效应,网状结构三个方面详细讨论了层状硅酸盐在纳米复合材料中的阻燃机理;最后,指出目前聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料在阻燃研究中尚存在的问题,并对其开发应用前景进行了展望。     

Technical Relevance of Epoxy/Clay Nanocomposite with Organically Modified Montmorillonite: A Review

This review covers almost all known categories of compounds used for nanoclay surface modification with special emphasis on organic modification of layered silicate montmorillonite. Commonly used organic modifiers include quaternary ammonium ions, quaternary phosphonium ions, and amino acids. Dispersion of organomodified nanoclays in epoxy is particularly focused upon in this article. Epoxy-based materials are used as convenient matrices for montmorillonite dispersion since years due to superior properties of resulting polymeric nanocomposites, such as mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, flammability, and thermal stability. Owing to their high performance epoxy nanocomposites have endless applications in aerospace, automotives, construction, electrical, adhesives, and coating industries.     

Fabrication of zirconium-pillared montmorillonite porous ceramic as adsorbents for Cr3+ removal and recycling

A novel zirconium-pillared montmorillonite (Zr-Mt) porous ceramic (P-ZMt) for Cr³⁺ removal was developed by gelcasting. P-ZMt was characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, TEM, BET. The influence of pH value, contact time, temperature and initial concentration on the adsorption efficiency was investigated. The results revealed that the P-ZMt has a high removal efficiency of Cr³⁺ over a broad range of pH value. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted our acquired Cr³⁺ adsorption data best, in comparison with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The Langmuir model was applied to fit the adsorption process better than that of the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters (∆H, ∆G and ∆S) were also determined, which revealed that the Cr³⁺ adsorption process was spontaneous in nature. The present developed P-ZMt could be recovered and reused for more than 6 times. The novel developed P-ZMt is an inexpensive, effective and long-life-cycle adsorbent for Cr³⁺ removal from water solution.     

煤直接液化用新型柱撑蒙脱石催化剂研究及展望

基于煤直接液化催化剂的发展现状,提出以蒙脱石作为催化剂载体,选择对煤液化有良好加氢活性的Fe与Cr、Co、Ni等作为活性组分,通过"柱撑"工艺制备适用于煤炭直接液化的新型柱撑蒙脱石催化剂。分析了柱撑蒙脱石催化剂在煤直接液化工艺中的优势,考察了国内外柱撑蒙脱石制备工艺的研究进展,指出了影响柱撑蒙脱石催化活性、热稳定性的关键因素及进一步研究方向。将活性金属组分"柱撑"到蒙脱石层间所得的柱撑蒙脱石催化剂具有优异的催化加氢性能,但是需要在柱撑工艺、催化剂热稳定性、孔径分布调控等方面进一步深入探究。