The influence of sad mood on cognition.

Neuroimaging has identified an overlapping network of brain regions whose activity is modulated by mood and cognition. Studies of depressed individuals have shown changes in perception, attention, memory, and executive functions. This suggests that mood has a pervasive effect on cognition. Direct evidence of the effect of sad mood on cognition is surprisingly limited, however. Published studies have generally addressed a single cognitive ability per study because the fleeting nature of laboratory-induced mood precludes extended testing, and robust findings are limited to mood effects on memory for emotional stimuli. In this study, sad mood was induced and prolonged, enabling the effects of mood to be assessed for an array of abilities, including those that share neural substrates with sad mood and those affected by depression. Sad mood affected memory for emotional words and facial emotion recognition, but not the other processes measured, with a significant nonuniformity of effect over tasks. These results are consistent with circumscribed effects of sad mood on certain emotion-related cognitive processes, but not on cognition more generally. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sibling conflict in middle childhood predicts children's adjustment in early adolescence.

Associations between sibling conflict in middle childhood and psychological adjustment in early adolescence were studied in a sample of 80 boys and 56 girls. Parents and children provided self-report data about family relationships and children's adjustment. Parents' hostility to children was assessed from videotaped interactions. Results showed that sibling conflict at Time 1 predicted increases in children's anxiety, depressed mood, and delinquent behavior 2 years later. Moreover, earlier sibling conflict at Time 1 accounted for unique variance in young adolescents' Time 2 anxiety, depressed mood, and delinquent behavior above and beyond the variance explained by earlier maternal hostility and marital conflict. Children's adjustment at Time 1 did not predict sibling conflict at Time 2. Results highlight the unique significance of the earlier sibling relationship for young adolescents' psychological adjustment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

非典型条件句的虚拟语气分析

虚拟语气是英语的一种重要语法,由if引导的非真实条件从句是典型的虚拟语气结构．但是,虚拟语气涉及的范围很广,笔者将诸多的不含典型条件句虚拟语气归类为以单词、短语、句子及其他方法表现出来的4种形式．掌握非典型条件句的虚拟语气是学好虚拟语气的重要条件,也是学好英语语法的关键之一．     

试论中国山水画的情性与意境

中国山水画作为一门独特的艺术 ,与自然山川及人类社会的发展息息相关 ,历代山水画家总是在不断的认识自然、改造社会生活中借大自然来抒发自己的情感。使我们认识到中国山水画的发展和繁荣正是人与自然情感相交相融的结晶     

从意中之象到意中之境——孟浩然《宿建德江》解读

《宿建德江》是孟浩然诗作的山水名篇,该诗的“象”都是意中之象,是经过诗人严格地主观选择才进入诗境中的。它们很好地传达出了诗人的思乡之愁、羁旅之苦、失意之悲、孤独之情。这些具有深厚联系的意中之象组合在一起,形成该诗的意中之境。意中之境是对意中之象的一种巨大超越,能开拓出无限的审美空间。通过对该诗的意中之境进行分析,可以见出诗人有浓厚的悲剧意识。因此,《宿建德江》也是一首悲诗。     

如何缓解学生在听力过程中的紧张情绪

本篇论文针对英语听力练习中学生容易出现紧张等影响听力效果的消极情绪这一现象提出了几点建议,从教材选择、练习方式、评价方式等六个方面着手以缓解这一现象。     

岁月沧桑话对联

对联是文学艺术宝库中璀璨的明珠。适用范围甚广。对联起源悠久,说法不一。从哲理层面看,中国哲学中有阴阳二元观念,所谓"太极生两仪",一阴一阳之谓道",把世界万事万物分为相互对称的阴阳两半,在思维本质上又相通,这是古代中国人世界观的基础。太极两仪生四象,春宵一刻值千金。无所不在对立统一的阴阳观念,成为一种民族的集体无意识,这些可谓对联发端的深层基础。楹联写作的核心问题是创造意境。对联是中国文化的一张名片,是诗中之诗,使楹联的普及与提高达到一个新阶段,上到一个新水平,是摆在我们面前的一个艰巨而光荣的任务。     

认识与情绪--海德格尔的生存论-存在论分析

情绪把人逼入与事物的关联之中，认识是在情绪中建构出来的。畏、烦和惊讶等基本情绪把我们驱入源始认识之中并为科学认识奠基；基本情绪的蜕变使源始认识降落到日常认识的层次上，进而为科学认识准备必要的条件；纯粹的科学认识也有情绪的参与。     

诗意盎然 韵味醇美 评许渊冲英译《汉英对照唐诗三百首》

许渊冲教授在多年的诗词翻译实践中形成了独特的"意美""音美"和"形美"的翻译美学理论.文章从选词炼字、以实译虚及韵律处理等方面,分析了许渊冲译著<汉英对照唐诗三百首>在"意美""音美"和"形美"方面取得的成就.     

Have a look around: the effect of physical environments on risk behaviour in work-related versus non-work related decision-making tasks

Abstract

Due to ubiquitous computing, knowledge workers do not only work in typical work-associated environments (e.g. the office) but also wherever it best suits their schedule or preferences (e.g. the park). In two experiments using laboratory and field methods, we compared decision making in work and non-work environments. We hypothesised that participants make riskier work-related decisions when in work-associated environments and riskier non-work-related decisions in non-work-associated environments. Therefore, if environment (work vs. non-work) and decision-making task (work-related vs. non-work-related) are incongruent, then risk-taking should be lower, as the decision maker might feel the situation is unusual or inappropriate. Although results do not reveal that work-associated environments generally encourage riskier work-related decisions (and likewise for non-work), we found environmental effects on decision making when including mood as a moderator.

Practitioner summary: Mobile workers are required to make decisions in various environments. We assumed that decisions are more risky when they are made in a fitting environment (e.g. work-related decisions in work environments). Results of the two experiments (laboratory and field) only show an environmental effect when mood is included as a moderator.