“异树同花”之辨析——王维与华兹华斯诗歌意境的比较分析

主要分析了王维与华兹华斯诗作中不同层次的意境，通过两者诗作中不同意境的对比，探寻了造成这两种不同意境的原因。从分析中我们可以看到，所讨论的这些因素最终都可以归纳为一个原因，即文化根源的不同。     

Effects of variable lighting intensities and colour temperatures on sulphatoxymelatonin and subjective mood in an experimental office workplace

Workplace illumination is of paramount importance in determining the employee's productivity and well-being. Moreover, light exerts non-visual effects with respect to biological rhythms. In this study, we investigated the impact of different lighting conditions (500-1800 lx, 6500 K; 500 lx, 4000 K) on sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6-s) and subjective mood in an experimental office accommodation. Urinary aMT6-s concentrations were significantly decreased at all days of the experiment in both lights. On day 3, differences between aMT6-s concentrations in specimen collected at 05:00 p.m. and at 09:00 a.m. were significantly higher under variable lighting conditions. Analyses of a mood rating inventory revealed a benefit of variable light with respect to the dimensions of "Activity", while "Deactivation" and "Fatigue" were increased in regular light on day 1. "Activity", "Concentration", and "Deactivation" changed in opposite directions when comparing variable with regular illumination on two consecutive days. In conclusion, variable light exerts a potential advantage in indoor office accommodations with respect to subjective mood, although no unequivocal differences in the profile of aMT6-s were found as compared to regular light.     

A review of: “Indoor air pollutants: exposure and health effects; Euro Reports and Studies 78” (1983)

This study investigated whether gradual or abrupt music change towards more calming music is most effective in calming drivers during high-demand driving situations. Twenty-eight participants were subjected to two types of music change (gradual, abrupt) in a within-subject design. First, a relatively happy mood was induced with personally selected music during an eight-minute simulated high-demand drive. The drive then continued and the mood was changed either gradually or abruptly. Subjective results showed successful music mood induction irrespective of gradual or abrupt changes. The results further showed lower skin conductance (less arousal) and more facial corrugator muscle tension (more sadness) during the abrupt music change. Fewer accidents occurred during the abrupt music mood change. To conclude, the results support the abrupt way of changing music type to down-regulate one's mood: during high-demand driving, abrupt changes in music led to more physiological calmness and improved driving performance, and were thus safer and more effective.

Practitioner Summary: The current study shows that during high-demand drives, drivers are calmed more effectively using abrupt music changes compared to gradual music changes. This is illustrated by reductions in physiological arousal and improved driving behaviour. Hence, in-car music presentation can be used as a tool to improve driver's mood and behaviour.     

Astroglial Connexin43 as a Potential Target for a Mood Stabiliser

Mood disorders remain a major public health concern worldwide. Monoaminergic hypotheses of pathophysiology of bipolar and major depressive disorders have led to the development of monoamine transporter-inhibiting antidepressants for the treatment of major depression and have contributed to the expanded indications of atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of bipolar disorders. In spite of psychopharmacological progress, current pharmacotherapy according to the monoaminergic hypothesis alone is insufficient to improve or prevent mood disorders. Recent approval of esketamine for treatment of treatment-resistant depression has attracted attention in psychopharmacology as a glutamatergic hypothesis of the pathophysiology of mood disorders. On the other hand, in the last decade, accumulated findings regarding the pathomechanisms of mood disorders emphasised that functional abnormalities of tripartite synaptic transmission play important roles in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. At first glance, the enhancement of astroglial connexin seems to contribute to antidepressant and mood-stabilising effects, but in reality, antidepressive and mood-stabilising actions are mediated by more complicated interactions associated with the astroglial gap junction and hemichannel. Indeed, several depressive mood-inducing stress stimulations suppress connexin43 expression and astroglial gap junction function, but enhance astroglial hemichannel activity. On the other hand, monoamine transporter-inhibiting antidepressants suppress astroglial hemichannel activity and enhance astroglial gap junction function, whereas several non-antidepressant mood stabilisers activate astroglial hemichannel activity. Based on preclinical findings, in this review, we summarise the effects of antidepressants, mood-stabilising antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants on astroglial connexin, and then, to establish a novel strategy for treatment of mood disorders, we reveal the current progress in psychopharmacology, changing the question from “what has been revealed?” to “what should be clarified?”.     

Audience-tuning effects on memory: The role of shared reality.

After tuning to an audience, communicators' own memories for the topic often reflect the biased view expressed in their messages. Three studies examined explanations for this bias. Memories for a target person were biased when feedback signaled the audience's successful identification of the target but not after failed identification (Experiment 1). Whereas communicators tuning to an in-group audience exhibited the bias, communicators tuning to an out-group audience did not (Experiment 2). These differences did not depend on communicators' mood but were mediated by communicators' trust in their audience's judgment about other people (Experiments 2 and 3). Message and memory were more closely associated for high than for low trusters. Apparently, audience-tuning effects depend on the communicators' experience of a shared reality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mood-Congruent Attentional Bias in Dysphoria: Maintained Attention to and Impaired Disengagement From Negative Information.

Attentional bias to negative information has been proposed to be a cognitive vulnerability factor for the development of depression. In 2 experiments, the authors examined mood-congruent attentional bias in dysphoria. In both experiments, dysphoric and nondysphoric participants performed an attentional task with negative, positive, and neutral word cues preceding a target. Targets appeared either at the same or at the opposite location of the cue. Overall, results indicate that dysphoric participants show maintained attention for negative words at longer stimulus presentations, which is probably caused by impaired attentional disengagement from negative words. Furthermore, nondysphoric participants maintain their attention more strongly to positive words. These results are discussed in relation to recent developments in the pathogenesis and treatment of depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The differential effects of mood on age differences in the correspondence bias.

The present study found that age-related differences in the correspondence bias were differentially influenced by induced mood. Young and older adults completed an attitude-attribution task after having been induced to experience a positive, neutral, or negative mood. Although negative moods intensified age-related differences in the correspondence bias, young and older adults were equally susceptible to the correspondence bias when in a positive mood. In addition, induced mood differentially influenced the attributional confidence of young and older adults. Whereas negatively induced young adults were less confident than positively induced young adults in their attributions, negatively induced older adults were more confident than positively induced older adults in their attributions. Findings are discussed in terms of how positive and negative moods operate differently in motivating young and older adults' attributional judgments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

试论英语中的主语与主位

主语与主位既是语法系统中的基本概念,又是话语分析中基本概念。二者是密切联系的,主语可以作为主位,主位又被称为心理主语。但它们在功能语法和话语分析中都被视为两个独立的概念。它们在话语中有各自不同的功能：主语在命题方面起作用,它实现句子或命题的有效性。主位在信息方面起作用,它是信息的着附点。     

社区公园对老年使用者体力活动参与和 情绪改善的促进作用——以上海市15座社区 公园为例

社区公园是老年人日常活动的重要场所。设计合理的社区公园可促进老年使用者的体力活动参与和情绪改善,为其带来较多健康益处。在定量层面探索了社区公园的设计特征与老年使用者在公园中的体力活动强度及情绪改善的关系。利用计步器测量老年人在公园中的行走步数;利用PANAS量表与视觉模拟评估法测量老年人使用公园前后的情绪变化;利用便携式GPS设备每隔10s记录老年人在公园中的空间位置点。研究结果表明,老年人在面积较大的社区公园中会行走更多的步数;访问社区公园可缓解老年人的消极情绪,促进积极情绪。基于GPS空间位置点的热点识别表明,广场、健身设施区、树林区、滨水区和植物廊架区是老年人的停留热点。这些研究结果可为社区公园规划设计提供一定参考,促进满足老年人需求的健康公园建设。     

Case Report: Restitution 101.

The Case Report is a forum for distinguished clinicians representing a range of theoretical orientations to share diagnostic formulations and treatment recommendations of the same psychotherapy patient. The present case is that of Ms. S, a young woman with features of borderline personality disorder, mood disturbance, and posttraumatic stress disorder who was self-referred for individual outpatient psychotherapy. Treatment was precipitated by the sudden onset of vivid, snapshot-like memories of early childhood sexual abuse. Material from the initial weeks of therapy is presented, followed by a discussion of points of convergence and divergence from the expert therapists. Finally, a few closing comments are offered by the case contributor. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)