The epistemic benefits of trait-consistent mood states: An analysis of extraversion and mood.

One must consider both trait and state affect to predict individual differences in emotional processing. The present results document a novel trait-state interaction that is consistent with proposals concerning the epistemic functions of affect (A. R. Damasio, 1994). Four studies tested the effects of extraversion and mood on motivation-relevant processing. Study 1 measured naturally occurring mood, whereas Studies 2-4 manipulated mood. Extraverts were faster to link events to their personal motivations when in a positive mood state, whereas introverts were fast to do so in a neutral or negative mood state. Further findings indicate that this interaction affects attitude accessibility rather than event elaboration. Overall, the authors suggest that there are pragmatic benefits to trait-consistent moods, particularly for processing motivation-relevant stimuli. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Impact of sign language interpreter and therapist moods on deaf recipient mood.

This study questions how the mood and affective reactions of the interpreter and the therapist affect the therapeutic process. Professional sign language interpreters are trained to be impartial conduits who neither add nor subtract from the primary dyadic relationship. This study revealed that despondent interpreter mood caused significant negative mood changes in the deaf participant even when the therapist mood was neutral/cheerful. Practicing psychologists need to consider the susceptibility of deaf clients to the nonverbal mood presentation of sign language interpreters and its implications on the therapeutic alliance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

论毛泽东政治言论的情感化特征

政治言论一般地应排斥个人的感情.然而,从上世纪二、三十年代到六、七十年代,毛泽东的很多重要的政治言论里都有一个贯穿始终的特征:情感化,成为政治?袖人物中的别具一格的现象.这种现象的形成,既与当时的社会状况有关,更与毛泽东自身的种种因素有关.研究其政治言论情绪化给具体政治活动带来的影响,有着理论上和实践上的双重意义.     

论Quirk的虚拟语气观

英语动词祈使句式的主语总是第二人称,都是受话者;其谓语动词形式是现在时的第二人称形式;Quirk的现在虚拟式不是什么动词语气语法范畴的特殊形式,而是用于各种祈使句式变体中的第二人称现在时态的动词形式.     

Targeted Naltrexone Treatment Moderates the Relations Between Mood and Drinking Behavior Among Problem Drinkers.

One hundred fifty-three problem drinkers were randomly assigned to receive naltrexone 50 mg or placebo on a daily or targeted (to high-risk drinking situations) basis. Using structured nightly diaries, participants recorded negative and positive mood, desire to drink, and alcohol consumption over 8 weeks. Results indicated that individuals engaged in any drinking and heavy drinking more on days characterized by relatively higher levels of positive or negative mood states. Naltrexone attenuated the positive association between heavy drinking and both positive and negative mood, and targeted administration attenuated the positive association between heavy drinking and positive mood. There was also evidence that desire to drink mediated the effect of targeted administration on the relation between positive mood and any drinking that day. These findings underscore the utility of daily measurement for understanding the processes that underlie pharmacological interventions for problem drinking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Influences of Mood, Depression History, and Treatment Modality on Outcomes in Smoking Cessation.

The relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD), treatment modality, and mood was evaluated in smokers participating in cessation programs. Participants (N = 549, 53.7% women, 46.3% men, 28% endorsing past MDD episodes) were randomly assigned to a cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) or health education (HE) intervention. Participants with a history of recurrent MDD (MDD-R) had higher rates of abstinence in CBT compared with HE even when the contribution of mood and the interaction between mood and an MDD × Treatment variable were included in the model. Likewise, higher levels of mood disturbance were reported by MDD-R smokers compared with those reporting a single episode. The study replicated results reported by R. A. Brown et al. (2001) and expanded upon them by evaluating the differential contribution of poor mood on cessation outcomes relative to MDD history. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Anger, Mood, and Vulnerability to Substance Use Among Inpatient Substance-Dependent Clients.

Anger and related emotions have been identified as triggers in substance use. Forgiveness therapy (FT) targets anger, anxiety, and depression as foci of treatment. Fourteen patients with substance dependence from a local residential treatment facility were randomly assigned to and completed either 12 approximately twice-weekly sessions of individual FT or 12 approximately twice-weekly sessions of an alternative individual treatment based on routine drug and alcohol therapy topics. Participants who completed FT had significantly more improvement in total and trait anger, depression, total and trait anxiety, self-esteem, forgiveness, and vulnerability to drug use than did the alternative treatment group. Most benefits of FT remained significant at 4-month follow-up. These results support FT as an efficacious newly developed model for residential drug rehabilitation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Induced Mood Change and Dysfunctional Attitudes in Remitted Bipolar I Affective Disorder.

This study investigated the possibility that, in remitted bipolar I affective disorder, dysfunctional attitudes are mood-state dependent. Participants were 120 individuals with remitted bipolar I disorder, remitted unipolar depression, or no history of affective disorder. The Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS; Weissman, 1979) was completed before and after positive or negative mood challenge. Following mood increase, the bipolar group changed significantly less in DAS total score than did the other 2 groups, and in goal-striving and achievement attitudes relative to the unipolar group. These findings did not provide clear support for the mood-state dependency theory in bipolar disorder, arguing instead for the presence in bipolar I disorder of dysfunctional cognitions that show characteristic resilience in the face of minor positive mood increase. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An affective-motivational model of marijuana and alcohol problems among college students.

The study examined models of marijuana (n = 309) and alcohol (n = 731) problems. Impulsivity was directly associated with both marijuana- and alcohol-related problems. Negative mood regulation expectancies were indirectly associated with marijuana problems through coping motives. Sensation seeking was indirectly associated with alcohol problems through enhancement motives. Affect lability and negative affect were indirectly associated with alcohol problems though coping motives. In both models, coping motives were directly associated with use-related problems. A multigroup analysis indicated that the association between negative affect and coping motives as well as use and problems was stronger among participants using both alcohol and marijuana relative to alcohol only. Enhancement motives were a stronger predictor of alcohol use among participants using alcohol only. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于图象语义描述的品牌本土化形象认知研究

目的探讨品牌本土化形象转译到图形化的设计应用的方法。方法根据佩维奥的"双重编码"理论,基于图象语义,运用人物角色和情景板共同描述中国用户对品牌本土化形象认知,提出品牌认知本土化转译设计模型。结果在此基础上,以"礼乐"图标设计为案例,初步论证了设计模型的可行性。结论运用品牌认知本土化转译设计模型,使产品服务体验符合本民族的价值观和审美诉求,加强了品牌特性。