Exploring temporal behaviour of app users completing ecological momentary assessments using mental health scales and mood logs

ABSTRACT

Smartphone-based digital phenotyping can provide insight into mood, cognition and behaviour. In this study, data analytics was carried out with data generated from a maternal mental health app to address the following question: what is the temporal behaviour of users when completing ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) with EMAs in the form of mental health scales versus EMAs in the form of mood logs? The methodology involved using the Health Interaction Log Data Analytics (HILDA) pipeline to analyse 1461 app users. Clustering was used to characterise archetypical user engagement with the two forms of EMA. Users preferred mood log EMAs, with 6993 mood log completions compared to 2129 scale completions. Users are more willing to log moods at 9am and 12pm and complete mental health scales between 8pm and 10pm. The fewest number of mood logs and scale completions take place on Saturday followed by a Sunday. Whilst ‘happiness’ is the dominant mood during day times, ‘anxiety’ and ‘sadness’ peak during night times. The overall findings are that users prefer completing mood log EMAs and that the temporal behaviour of users engaging with EMAs in the form of mental health scales are distinctly different from how they engage with mood logs.     

《修墙》功能文体分析

本文以系统功能语法为理论框架,以Robert Frost的诗歌《修墙》为文本,分析了,诗歌的语境、及物性、语气和主位。从而探讨了系统功能语法理论在诗歌语义分析中的价值,帮助我们更为准确深刻理解诗歌的意义,同时分析也证明了系统功能语法关于选择就是意义的思想。     

Adenosine Receptors in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Fine Regulators of Neurotransmission and Potential Therapeutic Targets

Adenosine exerts an important role in the modulation of central nervous system (CNS) activity. Through the interaction with four G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) subtypes, adenosine subtly regulates neurotransmission, interfering with the dopaminergic, glutamatergic, noradrenergic, serotoninergic, and endocannabinoid systems. The inhibitory and facilitating actions of adenosine on neurotransmission are mainly mediated by A₁ and A_2A adenosine receptors (ARs), respectively. Given their role in the CNS, ARs are promising therapeutic targets for neuropsychiatric disorders where altered neurotransmission represents the most likely etiological hypothesis. Activating or blocking ARs with specific pharmacological agents could therefore restore the balance of altered neurotransmitter systems, providing the rationale for the potential treatment of these highly debilitating conditions. In this review, we summarize and discuss the most relevant studies concerning AR modulation in psychotic and mood disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, depression, and anxiety, as well as neurodevelopment disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), fragile X syndrome (FXS), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and neuropsychiatric aspects of neurodegenerative disorders.     

Film mood induction and emotion classification using physiological signals for health and wellness promotion in older adults living alone

This paper introduces a wearable hardware/software system specifically tailored to detect seven emotions (neutral, tenderness, amusement, anger, disgust, fear, and sadness) aimed at promoting health and wellness in older adults living alone at home. The complete software and hardware architectures acquiring and processing electrodermal activity and photoplethysmography signals are introduced. The wearable emotion detection system is trained by eliciting the desired emotions on 39 older adults through a film mood induction procedure. Seventeen features are calculated on skin conductance response and heart rate variability data, grouped into five statistical, four temporal, and eight morphological features. Then, these features are used to run emotion classification considering support vector machines, decision trees, and quadratic discriminant analysis. In line with psychological findings, the results offer a global accuracy of 82% in negative emotion (anger, disgust, fear, and sadness) classification. For positive emotions (tenderness and amusement), also in conformity with previous psychological outcomes, amusement shows the highest ratio of hits (92%) but tenderness the lowest one (66%). These results demonstrate that our wearable emotion detection system can be used by ageing adults, especially for detecting negative emotions that usually damage health and wellness and lead to social isolation.     

Work-family enrichment and job performance: A constructive replication of affective events theory.

Based on affective events theory (AET), we hypothesize a four-step model of the mediating mechanisms of positive mood and job satisfaction in the relationship between work-family enrichment and job performance. We test this model for both directions of enrichment (work-to-family and family-to-work). We used two samples to test the model using structural equation modeling. Results from Study 1, which included 240 full-time employees, were replicated in Study 2, which included 189 matched subordinate-supervisor dyads. For the work-to-family direction, results from both samples support our conceptual model and indicate mediation of the enrichment-performance relationship for the work-to-family direction of enrichment. For the family-to-work direction, results from the first sample support our conceptual model but results from the second sample do not. Our findings help elucidate mixed findings in the enrichment and job performance literatures and contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms linking these concepts. We conclude with a discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of our findings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mood lighting system reflecting music mood

The emotional impact of music or color can be maximized if they are used together. This article presents a mood‐lighting system that automatically detects the mood of a piece of music and expresses the mood via synchronized lighting. To do this, the relationship between mood words and colors was analyzed via a web questionnaire (n = 202) on moods associated with music and colors. Data analysis generated lighting scenarios reflecting changes in the mood of music. Each piece of music was divided into several segments using structural analysis, with the mood of each segment detected by the mood classification module using the neural network. A matching color was then assigned. The best performance of our mood classification module was <70%, which is not sufficient for commercial use; however, this figure is high enough to show the potential of this approach. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 201–212, 2015     

Self-focused attention and negative affect: A meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis synthesized 226 effect sizes reflecting the relation between self-focused attention and negative affect (depression, anxiety, negative mood). The results demonstrate the multifaceted nature of self-focused attention and elucidate major controversies in the field. Overall, self-focus was associated with negative affect. Several moderators qualified this relationship. Self-focus and negative affect were more strongly related in clinical and female-dominated samples. Rumination yielded stronger effect sizes than nonruminative self-focus. Self-focus on positive self-aspects and following a positive event were related to lower negative affect. Most important, an interaction between foci of self-attention and form of negative affect was found: Private self-focus was more strongly associated with depression and generalized anxiety, whereas public self-focus was more strongly associated with social anxiety. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The association between emotional upset and cardiac arrhythmia during daily life.

Ventricular arrhythmia exhibits considerable within-subject variability that cannot be attributed to clinical status alone. This investigation examined the extent to which cardiac arrhythmia was associated with psychological and physical factors assessed during the hour preceding arrhythmic or nonarrhythmic activity. Approximately twice hourly, 46 patients randomly completed a diary assessing mood and physical symptoms during 24-hr electrocardiographic monitoring. Greater negative emotion was associated with increased arrhythmia. Additionally, greater negative emotion was significantly associated with increased arrhythmia among participants in a low left ventricular ejection fraction group (LVEF). However, this relationship between negative emotion and arrhythmia was not observed among higher LVEF participants. These findings contribute to a larger body of evidence suggesting that negative moods may exacerbate cardiac conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

英语口语中的语气隐喻及功能

语气隐喻作为人际语法隐喻的一部分,频繁出现在日常口语交际中,依赖口语语境,语言隐喻的生成实际上是语气域的转移,有明显的言语特征,是交际策略的具体运用,具有人际交往功能。