Does exercise environment enhance the psychological benefits of exercise for women?

Two experiments examined the psychological benefits of exercise environment. In Experiment 1, 128 female college students were assigned to 1 of 3 laboratory conditions that differed only in with whom they were exercising; in Experiment 2, 88 students were assigned to 1 of 4 walking conditions that differed in the environment (i.e., indoors vs. outdoors) and whom they were with. Before and after exercise, participants completed several mood and enjoyment measures. Participants in Experiment 1 were most calm when exercising alone than with others, and participants in Experiment 2 found the experience most enjoyable if outdoors. Our findings suggest that perceived enjoyment and outdoor exercise may account for some of the psychological benefits of exercise for women. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

总统竞选辩论中语气隐喻的功能探析

语气隐喻是人际语法隐喻的一部分,频繁出现在各种文体当中。所以研究语气隐喻是分析文体的必要手段。文章选取2008年Obama与McCain的总统辩论赛第一场作为语料,对其进行分析,以期发现语气隐喻在总统竞选辩论语篇中的作用。     

创意是怎么炼成的

随着市场经济的发展,艺术设计已经成为当今商业城市中的一个不可或缺的组成部分。而创意正是设计的灵魂。创意是一种与众不同,别出心裁的奇特品质。创意的生成需要灵活运用各种思维方式,从客观生活中积累广泛的知识,并借助想象力无限幻妙的特质进行信息重构。我们要深刻明确创作意图和方向,领会创意的实际内涵,使创意和设计手法有机的结合起来,最终达到我们的目的。     

《修墙》功能文体分析

本文以系统功能语法为理论框架,以Robert Frost的诗歌《修墙》为文本,分析了,诗歌的语境、及物性、语气和主位。从而探讨了系统功能语法理论在诗歌语义分析中的价值,帮助我们更为准确深刻理解诗歌的意义,同时分析也证明了系统功能语法关于选择就是意义的思想。     

Adenosine Receptors in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Fine Regulators of Neurotransmission and Potential Therapeutic Targets

Adenosine exerts an important role in the modulation of central nervous system (CNS) activity. Through the interaction with four G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) subtypes, adenosine subtly regulates neurotransmission, interfering with the dopaminergic, glutamatergic, noradrenergic, serotoninergic, and endocannabinoid systems. The inhibitory and facilitating actions of adenosine on neurotransmission are mainly mediated by A₁ and A_2A adenosine receptors (ARs), respectively. Given their role in the CNS, ARs are promising therapeutic targets for neuropsychiatric disorders where altered neurotransmission represents the most likely etiological hypothesis. Activating or blocking ARs with specific pharmacological agents could therefore restore the balance of altered neurotransmitter systems, providing the rationale for the potential treatment of these highly debilitating conditions. In this review, we summarize and discuss the most relevant studies concerning AR modulation in psychotic and mood disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, depression, and anxiety, as well as neurodevelopment disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), fragile X syndrome (FXS), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and neuropsychiatric aspects of neurodegenerative disorders.     

Anxiety sensitivity, panic, and depressed mood: A reanalysis teasing apart the contributions of the two levels in the hierarchical structure of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index.

Anxiety sensitivity (AS) has been defined as the fear of anxiety and anxiety-related sensations, and evidence suggests that AS plays an important role in the psychopathology of panic. It is entirely unclear whether the relation between AS and panic should be attributed to one (or more) of the AS group factors, the general AS factor, or to factors at both levels of the AS hierarchy. The authors reanalyzed data presented earlier by R. M. Rapee, T. A. Brown, M. A. Antony, and D. H. Barlow (1992) to tease apart the contributions of the different levels of the AS hierarchy to fear responses to hyperventilation and 5.5% carbon dioxide challenges. The results demonstrated that AS-Physical Concerns is the only one of the three AS group factors that contributes to relations with fear responses to these two challenges. However, AS-Mental Incapacitation Concerns had a stronger positive linear association with depressed mood than did AS-Physical Concerns. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Specifying the relations between affect and heavy alcohol use among young adults.

Current reformulations of the tension reduction hypothesis posit that only a subset of vulnerable individuals are at risk for drinking in response to negative affect. To further specify this model, this study examined the types of mood and social contexts under which affect and alcohol use are associated. Participants were 74 college students who completed repeated assessments of mood, alcohol use, friendship quality, and social support. A complex pattern of findings supported the moderating influences of gender, friendship factors, and the timing of behavior (i.e., weekends vs. weekdays) on the relation between affect and alcohol use. Young adults with less intimate and supportive friendships, as compared with their peers, showed risk for greater drinking following relative elevations in sadness and hostility. Such drinking episodes, in turn, predicted subsequent elevations in these same negative moods the following week. Gender differences in such a cyclical pattern of affect and alcohol use were found to vary across differing emotional experiences. Recommendations for a more refined theory of affect and alcohol use are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

浅论体育教学的情绪调控

在正常的体育教学中 ,情绪影响教学的质量和效率。消极的情绪会造成诸多不利影响 ,积极的情绪会产生良好的能动效应。对学生的学习情绪和教师自我情绪作适当调控 ,有助于教学质量的提高。     

Mood and the reliance on the ease of retrieval heuristic.

Four studies investigate the relationship between individuals' mood and their reliance on the ease of retrieval heuristic. Happy participants were consistently more likely to rely on the ease of retrieval heuristic, whereas sad participants were more likely to rely on the activated content. Additional analyses indicate that this pattern is not due to a differential recall (Experiment 2) and that happy participants ceased to rely on the case of retrieval when the diagnosticity of this information was called into question (Experiment 3). Experiment 4 shows that reliance on the ease of retrieval heuristic resulted in faster judgments than reliance on content, with the former but not the latter being a function of the amount of activated information. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Daily Process Examination of the Stress-Response Dampening Effects of Alcohol Consumption.

The authors used a daily process design to assess alcohol's stress-response dampening (SRD) effects. Moderate to heavy social drinkers (N=100) reported on palmtop computers their alcohol consumption and social context in vivo for 30 days. Participants also reported on their mood states in the late morning and early evening and completed a paper-and-pencil daily diary in which they recorded their negative events. The association between negative events and mood was weaker on days when individuals consumed alcohol prior to the final mood assessment. However, the moderating effect of alcohol on the negative event-mood association was limited to drinking in social situations. Alcohol's SRD effects varied as a function of several between-person risk factors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)