Early cessation success or failure among women attempting to quit smoking: Trajectories and volatility of urge and negative mood during the first postcessation week.

Aversive symptoms of abstinence from nicotine have been posited to lead to smoking relapse and research on temporal patterns of abstinence symptoms confirms this assumption. However, little is known about the association of symptom trajectories early after quitting with postcessation smoking or about the differential effects of tonic (background) versus phasic (temptation-related) symptom trajectories on smoking status. The current study examined trajectories of urge and negative mood among 300 women using the nicotine patch during the first postcessation week. Ecological momentary assessments collected randomly and during temptation episodes were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling yielding four individual trajectory parameters: intercept (initial symptom level), linear slope (direction and rate of change), quadratic coefficient (curvature), and volatility (scatter). Early lapsers, who lapsed during the first postcessation week, exhibited more severe tonic urge and phasic negative mood immediately after quitting, and more volatile tonic and phasic urge compared to abstainers. Late lapsers, who were abstinent during the first week but lapsed by 1 month, exhibited more severe tonic urge immediately after quitting compared to abstainers. These results demonstrate the importance of early postcessation urge and negative affect and highlight the value of examining both tonic and phasic effects of abstinence from nicotine. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Affective instability, family history of mood disorders, and neurodevelopmental disturbance.

The association between affective instability and both family history of mood disorders and signs of neurodevelopmental disturbance was examined in a sample of 303 adults. Affective instability was measured using the borderline personality disorder “affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood” diagnostic criterion as assessed dimensionally using the Personality Disorder Interview—IV. Participants were interviewed concerning family history of mood disorders, with family history coded using the Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria. Minor physical anomalies, inconsistent hand use, and dermatoglyphic asymmetries were used to index neurodevelopmental disturbance. Affective instability was associated with elevated rates of family history of mood disorders, particularly among individuals who exhibited inconsistent hand use and greater minor physical anomalies. These associations could not be accounted for by shared variance with age, gender, negative affect, or personal history of mood disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

总统竞选辩论中语气隐喻的功能探析

语气隐喻是人际语法隐喻的一部分,频繁出现在各种文体当中。所以研究语气隐喻是分析文体的必要手段。文章选取2008年Obama与McCain的总统辩论赛第一场作为语料,对其进行分析,以期发现语气隐喻在总统竞选辩论语篇中的作用。     

阳光下的美好丰收——创作《秋硕提梁》壶有感

＂秋硕提梁壶＂引入了秋之代表的松鼠葡萄元素,取意秋天丰硕之美,寓意生活的美好与富足。由于有了提梁这一特定的造型构件,整壶显现出大气典雅质感,而壶身别致的松鼠葡萄点缀更提升了整壶的典雅韵味。享受这阳光下的美好,制壶当如此心境,生活亦是如此。     

创意是怎么炼成的

随着市场经济的发展,艺术设计已经成为当今商业城市中的一个不可或缺的组成部分。而创意正是设计的灵魂。创意是一种与众不同,别出心裁的奇特品质。创意的生成需要灵活运用各种思维方式,从客观生活中积累广泛的知识,并借助想象力无限幻妙的特质进行信息重构。我们要深刻明确创作意图和方向,领会创意的实际内涵,使创意和设计手法有机的结合起来,最终达到我们的目的。     

Acute mood responses to a 15-minute long walking session at self-selected intensity: Effects of an experimentally-induced telic or paratelic state.

In the present controlled experiment, we examine the influence of opposite states of mind (the “telic” vs. “paratelic” state) on mood response to a 15min long walk at self-selected pace. Fifty-five first-year students were randomized to a telic (n = 22) or paratelic (n = 33) motivational environment. These opposed motivational environments were created using established reversal theory based procedures to induce the telic versus paratelic state. More than 90% of participants walked within a motivational state corresponding to the environment they were allocated. No significant mood changes (neither positive, nor negative) occurred pre- to postexercise in participants who walked with the telic state operative (p > .05). This has important implications when considering the use of exercise to relieve depression in clinical populations. Also, our findings shed new light on the reasons why not all individuals respond in the same way to moderate exercise. Practically, these results suggest that motivational state should be considered to optimize the mood enhancing effects of aerobic exercise. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

紫砂壶艺物象与意境概谈

围绕紫砂壶艺物象形式美和意境韵味美,并结合自身壶艺创作体会,论述了物象与意境之间的关系,揭示了紫砂壶艺的魅力所在。     

Hope, pride, and processing during optimal and nonoptimal times of day.

We examine the conditions under which the distinct positive emotions of hope versus pride facilitate more or less fluid cognitive processing. Using individuals' naturally occurring time of day preferences (i.e., morning vs. evening hours), we show that specific positive emotions can differentially influence processing resources. We argue that specific positive emotions are more likely to influence processing and behavior during nonoptimal times of day, when association-based processing is more likely. We show in three experiments that hope, pride, and a neutral state differentially influence fluid processing on cognitive tasks. Incidental hope facilitates fluid processing during nonoptimal times of day (compared with pride and neutral), improving performance on tasks requiring fluid intelligence (Experiment 1) and increasing valuation estimates on tasks requiring that preferences be constructed on the spot (Experiments 2 and 3). We also provide evidence that these differences in preference and valuation occur through a process of increased imagination (Experiment 3). We contribute to emotion theory by showing that different positive emotions have different implications for processing during nonoptimal times of day. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Validating an indirect measure of clarity of feelings: Evidence from laboratory and naturalistic settings.

This study analyzed the reliability and validity of an indirect measure of clarity of feelings that is based on response latencies (RTs) of mood ratings. Fifty-two participants completed a laboratory session and an experience-sampling week with 6 measurement occasions per day. Shorter RT of mood ratings measured in the laboratory (but not self-reported dispositional clarity) predicted higher overall mood regulation success during the experience-sampling week. As a new indirect ambulatory measure of clarity, RTs of mood ratings were measured on handheld devices during the experience-sampling week. The new ambulatory RT measure of clarity demonstrated good psychometric properties. Within-occasions reliability (internal consistency) was satisfactory, and between-occasions reliability (consistency of aggregated scores) was high. Ambulatory RT of mood ratings demonstrated moderate to high convergence with RT of mood ratings measured in the laboratory session. Both RT measures were unrelated to self-reported dispositional clarity of feelings. However, momentary RT converged with a self-report measure of momentary clarity on the within-persons level: Participants were faster to rate those mood items that they were more certain about. Evidence for the predictive validity of the new ambulatory RT measure was provided by the finding that on the within-persons level, shorter RT (but not self-reported momentary clarity) predicted higher mood regulation success and better mood at subsequent measurement occasions. The results suggest that RT of mood ratings can be used as a reliable and valid indicator of an individual's clarity of feelings in laboratory and experience-sampling studies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

氛围：由展览看空间的艺术性

当代艺术中的展览空间是展览设计中新的领域,而当代作品的多样性及其自由、丰富的表现手法则往往是建筑师的设计灵感的源泉。当建筑师参与展览设计的时候,如何展示空间的世界性成为建筑师首要考虑的问题。氛围,作为新的空间艺术性的语汇在这样的情况下被提出,然后慢慢被发展为一种新的建筑理论,一种对空间艺术性的描述。以“感河”（Mood River）展览为例,试图对氛围的空间理论和运用进行阐释。