"Ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in healthy male paramedics during a workday and a nonworkday": Erratum.

Reports an error in "Ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in healthy male paramedics during a workday and a nonworkday" by Iris B. Goldstein, Larry D. Jamner and David Shapiro (Health Psychology, 1992, Vol 11[1], 48-54). On page 52, the sentence "For example, the paramedics stood 16.44 times more while home than while at the station" should read "For example, the paramedics stood more while home than while at the station." (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1992-29445-001.) Compared ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in 30 White male paramedics (aged 20-43 yrs) during a 24-hr workday and a 24-hr nonworkday. During the 24-hr period as a whole, there were no BP differences between the workday and the nonworkday, but HR was higher during the nonworkday than during the workday. Systolic BP (SBP) recorded in the ambulance on the workday was elevated 9.8 mm Hg, compared with SBP recorded in a car on the nonworkday; it was also 7.2 mm Hg higher at the scene of an accident and at the hospital than during nonworkday activities. Ratings of moods in diaries indicated that paramedics felt more unhappiness, stress, and sadness and less feelings of pleasantness at work than at home. Rather than being elevated for the entire 24-hr period, work BP seemed to reflect the relatively high stress associated with specific situations in the work of a paramedic. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

汉语逻辑补足义标注框架研究

逻辑补足义是指附加在以谓词为中心的基本命题成分之上的否定、程度、时体、模态和语气等, 具体表现为逻辑语义算子对谓词的语义约束关系,是基本命题成分所表达语义关系的有效补充。在句子中,逻辑补足义所表达的语义是句子深度语义理解的重要层面。该文以深层语义理解为目标,在逻辑补足义已有的研究基础上,建立了否定、程度、时体和语气分类体系,构建了相应的算子词典;制定标注规范,对已经标注了基本命题义语义角色的句子进行各类逻辑补足义的标注;最后,对标注的结果进行统计并对标注过程中出现的问题进行了分析。     

英文求职信与推荐信中人际功能对比分析

本文选取20篇英文求职信和推荐信为语料研究对象,从语气、人称代词和情态动词的使用频率来分析对比,从而了解求职信和推荐信是如何运用语言的人际功能引导读者,以实现建立求职者与招聘者之间良好人际关系的目的。     

体育教学中练习量对学生心境的影响

采用POMS心境量表来研究体育教学中不同的练习量对学生心境的影响。研究表明不同的练习量对学生的心境会产生影响,合适的练习量有助于改善学生的心境状态。测试时间和练习量对大学生心境变化的影响交互效应不明显。     

Psychophysiological responses in experienced firefighters undertaking repeated self-contained breathing apparatus tasks

In order to safely and effectively extinguish fires and rescue life, firefighters are required to routinely wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), yet little is known about the specific physiological and psychological demands associated with repeated exposure to tasks that require SCBA. A total of 12 experienced firefighters took part in a series of commonly encountered SCBA activities: free search, guideline search and live firefighting tasks under room temperature (～20°C) and extreme heat (～180°C) conditions to assess changes in heart rate, blood pressure, mood, perceived workload and air usage. Findings demonstrate that live firefighting is associated with greater perceived exhaustion than free search or guideline exercises; however, all tasks lead to high cardiovascular demand regardless of the presence of heat. No significant impact of task upon mood and no significant differences between the perceived demands of guideline, free search and live firefighting exercises were found.

Practitioner Summary: This study considered the physiological and psychological responses of firefighters undertaking SCBA exercises. Although live firefighting is associated with greater perceived exertion, the absence of differences in psychological domains between exercises demonstrates that task demands are not always dependent upon the presence of fire and that all tasks are mentally challenging.     

Children's Hedonic Judgments of Cigarette Smoke Odor: Effects of Parental Smoking and Maternal Mood.

Age-appropriate tasks were used to assess 3- to 8-year-old children's liking, identification, and preference for a variety of odors, including that of exhaled cigarette smoke. Children whose parents smoke took longer to decide whether they liked the cigarette odor and were significantly more likely to prefer the odor of cigarette to the neutral and unfamiliar odor of green tea compared with children of nonsmokers. Among children of smokers, relative preferences for the cigarette odor were related to maternal mood disturbance and depression scores. These findings suggest that some early learning about cigarette smoke odor is based on sensory experiences at home and anchors it to the emotional context in which their mothers smoke. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

When subjective experiences matter: Power increases reliance on the ease of retrieval.

Past research on power focused exclusively on declarative knowledge and neglected the role of subjective experiences. Five studies tested the hypothesis that power increases reliance on the experienced ease or difficulty that accompanies thought generation. Across a variety of targets, such as attitudes, leisure-time satisfaction, and stereotyping, and with different operationalizations of power, including priming, trait dominance, and actual power in managerial contexts, power consistently increased reliance on the ease of retrieval. These effects remained 1 week later and were not mediated by mood, quality of the retrieved information, or number of counterarguments. These findings indicate that powerful individuals construe their judgments on the basis of momentary subjective experiences and do not necessarily rely on core attitudes or prior knowledge, such as stereotypes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Emerging Roles of Astrocyte Kir4.1 Channels in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Brain Diseases

Inwardly rectifying Kir4.1 channels in astrocytes mediate spatial potassium (K⁺) buffering, a clearance mechanism for excessive extracellular K⁺, in tripartite synapses. In addition to K⁺ homeostasis, astrocytic Kir4.1 channels also play an essential role in regulating extracellular glutamate levels via coupling with glutamate transporters. Moreover, Kir4.1 channels act as novel modulators of the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in astrocytes. Specifically, inhibition of astrocytic Kir4.1 channels elevates extracellular K⁺ and glutamate levels at synapses and facilitates BDNF expression in astrocytes. These changes elevate neural excitability, which may facilitate synaptic plasticity and connectivity. In this article, we summarize the functions and pharmacological features of Kir4.1 channels in astrocytes and highlight the importance of these channels in the treatment of brain diseases. Although further validation in animal models and human patients is required, astrocytic Kir4.1 channel could potentially serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of depressive disorders and epilepsy.     

Workplace emotions: The role of supervision and leadership.

In this experience sampling study, the authors examined the role of organizational leaders in employees' emotional experiences. Data were collected from health care workers 4 times a day for 2 weeks. Results indicate supervisors were associated with employee emotions in 3 ways: (a) Employees experienced fewer positive emotions when interacting with their supervisors as compared with interactions with coworkers and customers; (b) employees with supervisors high on transformational leadership experienced more positive emotions throughout the workday, including interactions with coworkers and customers; and (c) employees who regulated their emotions experienced decreased job satisfaction and increased stress, but those with supervisors high on transformational leadership were less likely to experience decreased job satisfaction. The results also suggest that the effects of emotional regulation on stress are long lasting (up to 2 hr) and not easily reduced by leadership behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

城市绿地梅花听嗅刺激对人体情绪及 压力恢复研究

城市绿地作为城市中最便于居民接触的自然绿地环 境,具有缓解居民压力进而促进其身心健康的效果。为探究城 市绿地中声音与梅花香气对人情绪及压力恢复的影响,设计并 开展相关实验研究。选择梅花作为嗅觉刺激材料,以城市绿地 中常见的声音(人声、水声)为听觉刺激材料,招募100名被试 者随机分在5个实验组,被试者首先进行压力学习任务,然后进 行恢复活动,使用Emotiv Epoc X便携式脑电仪、Omron血 压仪及简式心境量表(POMS)分析不同组的情绪变化及压力恢 复情况。结果显示：1)脑电波情绪显示,各实验组均会使被试 者压力值下降,放松值上升,梅花组的放松及兴趣值最高,水 声组的参与及兴奋值最低,人声组的兴奋及专注值最高,梅花 &人声组的参与值最高;2)POMS量表结果显示,除人声组有 上升外,其余4组均呈下降趋势;3)收缩压及舒张压结果同样显 示,除人声组上升外,其余各组均呈现不同程度的下降趋势。 以期为后续城市绿地梅花景观的设计提供科学建议。