When subjective experiences matter: Power increases reliance on the ease of retrieval.

Past research on power focused exclusively on declarative knowledge and neglected the role of subjective experiences. Five studies tested the hypothesis that power increases reliance on the experienced ease or difficulty that accompanies thought generation. Across a variety of targets, such as attitudes, leisure-time satisfaction, and stereotyping, and with different operationalizations of power, including priming, trait dominance, and actual power in managerial contexts, power consistently increased reliance on the ease of retrieval. These effects remained 1 week later and were not mediated by mood, quality of the retrieved information, or number of counterarguments. These findings indicate that powerful individuals construe their judgments on the basis of momentary subjective experiences and do not necessarily rely on core attitudes or prior knowledge, such as stereotypes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Emerging Roles of Astrocyte Kir4.1 Channels in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Brain Diseases

Inwardly rectifying Kir4.1 channels in astrocytes mediate spatial potassium (K⁺) buffering, a clearance mechanism for excessive extracellular K⁺, in tripartite synapses. In addition to K⁺ homeostasis, astrocytic Kir4.1 channels also play an essential role in regulating extracellular glutamate levels via coupling with glutamate transporters. Moreover, Kir4.1 channels act as novel modulators of the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in astrocytes. Specifically, inhibition of astrocytic Kir4.1 channels elevates extracellular K⁺ and glutamate levels at synapses and facilitates BDNF expression in astrocytes. These changes elevate neural excitability, which may facilitate synaptic plasticity and connectivity. In this article, we summarize the functions and pharmacological features of Kir4.1 channels in astrocytes and highlight the importance of these channels in the treatment of brain diseases. Although further validation in animal models and human patients is required, astrocytic Kir4.1 channel could potentially serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of depressive disorders and epilepsy.     

城市绿地梅花听嗅刺激对人体情绪及 压力恢复研究

城市绿地作为城市中最便于居民接触的自然绿地环 境,具有缓解居民压力进而促进其身心健康的效果。为探究城 市绿地中声音与梅花香气对人情绪及压力恢复的影响,设计并 开展相关实验研究。选择梅花作为嗅觉刺激材料,以城市绿地 中常见的声音(人声、水声)为听觉刺激材料,招募100名被试 者随机分在5个实验组,被试者首先进行压力学习任务,然后进 行恢复活动,使用Emotiv Epoc X便携式脑电仪、Omron血 压仪及简式心境量表(POMS)分析不同组的情绪变化及压力恢 复情况。结果显示：1)脑电波情绪显示,各实验组均会使被试 者压力值下降,放松值上升,梅花组的放松及兴趣值最高,水 声组的参与及兴奋值最低,人声组的兴奋及专注值最高,梅花 &人声组的参与值最高;2)POMS量表结果显示,除人声组有 上升外,其余4组均呈下降趋势;3)收缩压及舒张压结果同样显 示,除人声组上升外,其余各组均呈现不同程度的下降趋势。 以期为后续城市绿地梅花景观的设计提供科学建议。     

服装设计中的意境创造

根植于民族文化的意境美学是中国独有的艺术理论瑰宝。从解析意境美学的基本理论入手,在总结个人服装设计实践、分析当代大师优秀作品的基础上,对服装意境内容的结构及其创造的实践进行了初步探讨。     

“异树同花”之辨析——王维与华兹华斯诗歌意境的比较分析

主要分析了王维与华兹华斯诗作中不同层次的意境，通过两者诗作中不同意境的对比，探寻了造成这两种不同意境的原因。从分析中我们可以看到，所讨论的这些因素最终都可以归纳为一个原因，即文化根源的不同。     

Astroglial Connexin43 as a Potential Target for a Mood Stabiliser

Mood disorders remain a major public health concern worldwide. Monoaminergic hypotheses of pathophysiology of bipolar and major depressive disorders have led to the development of monoamine transporter-inhibiting antidepressants for the treatment of major depression and have contributed to the expanded indications of atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of bipolar disorders. In spite of psychopharmacological progress, current pharmacotherapy according to the monoaminergic hypothesis alone is insufficient to improve or prevent mood disorders. Recent approval of esketamine for treatment of treatment-resistant depression has attracted attention in psychopharmacology as a glutamatergic hypothesis of the pathophysiology of mood disorders. On the other hand, in the last decade, accumulated findings regarding the pathomechanisms of mood disorders emphasised that functional abnormalities of tripartite synaptic transmission play important roles in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. At first glance, the enhancement of astroglial connexin seems to contribute to antidepressant and mood-stabilising effects, but in reality, antidepressive and mood-stabilising actions are mediated by more complicated interactions associated with the astroglial gap junction and hemichannel. Indeed, several depressive mood-inducing stress stimulations suppress connexin43 expression and astroglial gap junction function, but enhance astroglial hemichannel activity. On the other hand, monoamine transporter-inhibiting antidepressants suppress astroglial hemichannel activity and enhance astroglial gap junction function, whereas several non-antidepressant mood stabilisers activate astroglial hemichannel activity. Based on preclinical findings, in this review, we summarise the effects of antidepressants, mood-stabilising antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants on astroglial connexin, and then, to establish a novel strategy for treatment of mood disorders, we reveal the current progress in psychopharmacology, changing the question from “what has been revealed?” to “what should be clarified?”.     

试论英语中的主语与主位

主语与主位既是语法系统中的基本概念,又是话语分析中基本概念。二者是密切联系的,主语可以作为主位,主位又被称为心理主语。但它们在功能语法和话语分析中都被视为两个独立的概念。它们在话语中有各自不同的功能：主语在命题方面起作用,它实现句子或命题的有效性。主位在信息方面起作用,它是信息的着附点。     

试论萧红小说创作中的乡恋与乡愁

本以贯穿着故土情结的《生死场》和《呼兰河传》为例，以萧红的人生经历和创作心境为背景，论述萧红小说创作中的乡恋与乡愁。     

唇妆与面部情绪

介绍了唇彩与情绪彩妆的概念及定义。唇彩与情绪彩妆已成为人们追求全面美容的一种方式。对唇彩及彩妆市场发展进行了分析。介绍了唇彩的包装及创新。提出情绪彩妆等概念性化妆品的推出,能为市场带来潜在的商机。指出了当前美容业的潮流。     

不同情绪状态对源检测加工策略影响的实验研究

探讨情绪状态对源检测加工策略的影响。采用4(情绪:开心;中性;伤心和生气)×2(性别:男和女)两因素被试间设计。结果表明,情绪和性别对再认成绩无影响且无交互作用但对源检测成绩有影响且同样无交互作用。其中,开心情绪下源检测成绩低于中性情况;伤心和生气下源检测成绩无差异但却高于中性情况。因此,源检测和再认基于不同的加工方式,前者水平接近随机,后者近乎完美。正情绪下倾向自动化启发式策略;负情绪下倾向于控制化系统式策略;伤心和生气下加工策略无差异。