聚氯乙烯/聚丙烯酸丁酯-白泥纳米复合材料的冲击断面形态及流变性能

通过多步交换反应及扩散-聚合的方法,使聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)嵌入到改性层状结构的白泥层间,得到白泥-聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)纳米复合物的微米级粒子;然后将聚氯乙烯与白泥-聚丙烯酸丁酯进行熔融共混,制得具有一定特性的有机-无机纳米复合材料;并对复合材料的缺口冲击断面形态及流变性能进行了研究。结果表明,复合材料的冲击断面具有明显的网状结构和空洞化特征,属典型的韧性断裂;PVC/白泥-PBA(质量分数0.5%~7.0%)纳米复合材料基本上保持了纯PVC的加工性能。     

Maize Transcription Factor ZmARF4 Confers Phosphorus Tolerance by Promoting Root Morphological Development

Plant growth and development are closely related to phosphate (Pi) and auxin. However, data regarding auxin response factors (ARFs) and their response to phosphate in maize are limited. Here, we isolated ZmARF4 in maize and dissected its biological function response to Pi stress. Overexpression of ZmARF4 in Arabidopsis confers tolerance of Pi deficiency with better root morphology than wild-type. Overexpressed ZmARF4 can partially restore the absence of lateral roots in mutant arf7 arf19. The ZmARF4 overexpression promoted Pi remobilization and up-regulated AtRNS1, under Pi limitation while it down-regulated the expression of the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes AtDFR and AtANS. A continuous detection revealed higher activity of promoter in the Pi-tolerant maize P178 line than in the sensitive 9782 line under low-Pi conditions. Meanwhile, GUS activity was specifically detected in new leaves and the stele of roots in transgenic offspring. ZmARF4 was localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm of the mesophyll protoplast and interacted with ZmILL4 and ZmChc5, which mediate lateral root initiation and defense response, respectively. ZmARF4 overexpression also conferred salinity and osmotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Overall, our findings suggest that ZmARF4, a pleiotropic gene, modulates multiple stress signaling pathways, and thus, could be a candidate gene for engineering plants with multiple stress adaptation.     

偶联剂对淀粉/丁苯橡胶复合材料性能的影响

采用乳液共混法制备了淀粉/丁苯橡胶(SBR)以及间苯二酚甲醛树脂(RF)改性淀粉/SBR复合材料,考察了偶联剂对2种复合材料硫化特性、力学性能的影响,并用扫描电镜观察了其相态结构。结果表明,各种偶联剂都能在一定程度上提高淀粉/SBR复合材料的拉伸强度和撕裂强度,其中γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)和N-β(氨基乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-792)的增强效果最为显著;采用RF对淀粉进行改性,RF改性淀粉/SBR复合材料的力学性能较之淀粉/SBR复合材料的力学性能有了进一步提高。橡胶相与淀粉相界面结合的改善是RF改性淀粉/SBR复合材料力学性能提高的主要原因。     

高导电镀银玻璃微珠/硅橡胶复合材料的结构与性能

探讨了镀银玻璃微珠(SGB)的表面改性、粒径和用量对SGB甲/基乙烯基硅橡胶(VMQ)复合材料的导电性能、力学性能及相态结构的影响,考察了SGB/VMQ复合材料导电网络的影响因素。结果表明,采用硅烷偶联剂改性SGB,可以改善SGB/VMQ复合材料的力学性能和加工性能,其中使用乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷(牌号为A-151)还能使其导电性能保持不变。SGB的粒径越大,用量越多,SGB/VMQ复合材料的导电性能越好,当其粒径为41μm、用量300份时,填充的VMQ具有优良的力学性能和导电性能。在满足形成导电通路的前提下,应尽可能地减少SGB的用量,以改善材料的力学性能。     

增塑剂对丁腈橡胶/聚丙烯热塑性硫化橡胶性能的影响

研究了邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)、偏苯三酸三(2-乙基己酯)(TOTM)、聚酯和邻苯二甲酸烷基.苄酯4种增塑剂对丁腈橡胶(NBR)聚/丙烯(PP)热塑性硫化胶(TPV)邵尔A硬度、耐油性能和流变性能的影响,并用透射电镜分析了4种增塑剂对NBR/PP TPV相态结构的影响。结果表明,TOTM的增塑效果最好,可制备出低硬度、高耐油和流动性好的NBR/PP TPV,并且分散相的粒径小、大小均匀;随着TOTM用量的增加,NBR/PP TPV的邵尔A硬度降低,流动性提高,但TOTM用量不宜超过50份。     

不同形貌PCC作为造纸填料的性能研究

通过控制反应条件,制备了针状轻质碳酸钙(PCC)、纺锤状PCC及无定形状PCC,对其物理性能及对纸张的加填效果进行了研究,并与商品PCC进行对比.实验结果表明,与商品PCC相比,针状PCC的粒径均匀、吸油值高、沉降体积大,作为造纸填料时,对提高纸张白度和不透明度都有较大作用.无定形状PCC用于纸张加填时,纸张的物理强度、白度、不透明度均较低;纺锤状PCC的加填效果基本相当于商品PCC;针状PCC、纺锤状PCC、商品PCC加填纸的施胶效果基本一致.     

Solvent- and Light-Sensitive AIEE-Active Azo Dye: From Spherical to 1D and 2D Assemblies

Fluorescent molecular assembly systems provide an exciting platform for creating stimuli-responsive nano- and microstructured materials with optical, electronic, and sensing functions. To understand the relationship between (i) the plausible molecular structures preferentially adopted depending on the solvent polarity (such as N,N-dimethylformamide [DMF], tetrahydrofuran [THF], and toluene), (ii) the resulting spectroscopic features, and (iii) self-assembled nano-, micro-, and macrostructures, we chose a sterically crowded triangular azo dye (3Bu) composed of a polar molecular core and three peripheral biphenyl wings. The chromophore changed the solution color from yellow to pink-red depending on the solvent polarity. In a yellow DMF solution, a considerable amount of the twisted azo form could be kept stable with the help of favorable intermolecular interactions with the solvent molecules. By varying the concentration of the DMF solution, the morphology of self-assembled structures was transformed from nanoparticles to micrometer-sized one-dimensional (1D) structures such as sticks and fibers. In a pink-red toluene solution, the periphery of the central ring became more planar. The resulting significant amount of the keto-hydrazone tautomer grew into micro- and millimeter-sized 1D structures. Interestingly, when THF-H₂O (1:1) mixtures were stored at a low temperature, elongated fibers were stacked sideways and eventually developed into anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) sheets. Notably, subsequent exposure of visible-light-irradiated sphere samples to solvent vapor resulted in reversible fluorescence off↔on switching accompanied by morphological restoration. These findings suggest that rational selection of organic dyes, solvents, and light is important for developing reusable fluorescent materials.     

耐高温滤用单丝的研究进展

综述国内外各种耐高温滤用纤维的开发,从单丝材料的特性出发,说明采用单丝制作滤布是减轻滤布堵塞,延长滤布过滤周期和提高过滤指标最有效的措施之一,着重介绍了PPS、PTFE、PEEK滤用单丝的特性、制备及研究进展。     

旅游发展中古镇建成环境的二重性及演化探析——以巴渝古镇为例

旅游活动的开展使古镇建成环境具有二重性,并相应呈现出二维演化特征。在对古镇建成环境、古镇人-居环境、古镇人-景环境等概念加以辨析基础上,结合典型案例,分析了在旅游发展导向下,二十多年来我国古镇建成环境二维演化的轨迹,就其演化机理作了较深入的探究。针对问题和矛盾,提出解决的办法在于推进古镇人-居环境与古镇人-景环境的协同演化与和谐共生。以巴渝古镇为例,对推进方式和策略进行探讨。     

一种基于广义形态变换的采样方法

提出了一种基于集合势的广义形态变换形式。该变换能反映结构元素作用于目标对象的强度,控制对目标对象的过度膨胀或过度腐蚀。在广义形态变换性质研究的基础上所提出的广义形态采样方法,能更好地保留图像的形态信息和边缘信息。测试结果表明,基于广义形态变换的采样方法在提高形态变换效率及保持图像细节信息方面相对于现有的采样方法都有一定程度的改善。