铅镁锰锑铌多元系压电陶瓷材料

采用先驱体法制备了Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))_A(Mn_(1/3)Nb_2/3))_B(Mm_(1/3)Sb_(2/3))_CZr_DTi_EO_3(PMMSN)铅镁锰锑铌多元系中温压电陶瓷材料。从XRD图谱可以看出,先驱体法容易消除焦绿石相,得到单相钙钛矿材料。实验结果表明,先驱体法制成样品的烧成温度较低,压电和介电性能优良。1100℃烧结样品的性能参数:Qm为2060,k_p为0.55,ε_r为1200,d_(33)为293 pC/N,tgδ为0.45×10~(-2),可用于压电变压器、超声换能器和压电马达等功率型器件。     

Microstructure Evolution of Concentration Gradient Li[Ni0.75Co0.10Mn0.15]O2 Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Detailed analysis of the microstructural changes during lithiation of a full‐concentration‐gradient (FCG) cathode with an average composition of Li[Ni_0.75Co_0.10Mn_0.15]O₂ is performed starting from its hydroxide precursor, FCG [Ni_0.75Co_0.10Mn_0.15](OH)₂ prior to lithiation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals that a unique rod‐shaped primary particle morphology and radial crystallographic texture are present in the prelithiation stage. In addition, TEM detected a two‐phase structure consisting of MnOOH and Ni(OH)₂, and crystallographic twins of MnOOH on the Mn‐rich precursor surface. The formation of numerous twins is driven by the lattice mismatch between MnOOH and Ni(OH)₂. Furthermore, the twins persist in the lithiated cathode; however, their density decrease with increasing lithiation temperature. Cation disordering, which influences cathode performance, is observed to continuously decrease with increasing lithiation temperature with a minimum observed at 790 °C. Consequently, lithiation at 790 °C (for 10 h) produced optimal discharge capacity and cycling stability. Above 790 °C, an increase in cation disordering and excessive coarsening of the primary particles lead to the deterioration of electrochemical properties. The twins in the FCG cathode precursor may promote the optimal primary particle morphology by retarding the random coalescence of primary particles during lithiation, effectively preserving both the morphology and crystallographic texture of the precursor.     

Low-pressure pyrolysis studies of a new phosphorus precursor: Tertiarybutylbis(dimethylamino)phosphine

The low pressure decomposition of tertiarybutylbis(dimethylamino) phosphine, (t-Bu)P(NMe₂)₂, (TBBDMAP), has been studied on quartz and deposited GaP and InP surfaces. This new phosphorus precursor has been found to pyrolyze on quartz surfaces at much lower temperatures than the related compounds tertiarybutylphosphine, (t-Bu)PH₂, (TBP) and tris(dimethylamino)phosphorus, P(NMe₂)₃, (TDMAP). In contrast to the results obtained for TDMAP, GaP and InP surfaces decrease the decomposition temperature of TBBDMAP only slightly. The TBBDMAP reaction products were dimethylamine, methylmethyleneimine, and isobutylene, consistent with previous pyrolysis studies of TBP and TDMAP.     

单晶相莫来石生产应用试验与性能测试

利用煤系高岭土生产精密铸造砂和不定型耐火材料的物相结构一般为莫来石和方英石“双晶相”产品 ,这种材料仅可用于普通精密铸造和作为常规的不定型耐火材料 ,对于尖端行业和高技术行业 ,这种材料还远远达不到要求 ,作者在对煤系高岭土矿石物理化学性质进行深入研究的基础上 ,开发出一种新型精密铸造砂和不定型耐火材料 ,使产品的物相组成仅由单一晶相莫来石和非晶相玻璃组成 ,即“单晶相莫来石”产品。生产试验和物理化学性能测试结果证实 ,这种新材料的各种物理化学性能均优于普通精密铸造砂和不定型耐火材料 ,可以用于高技术产品的薄壁件铸造 ,在航天航空、兵器工业、机械制造行业有着广泛的用途。     

The aquathermolysis of heavy oil from Riphean-Vendian complex with iron-based catalyst: FT-IR spectroscopy data

In this paper, we investigated the influence of steam treatment on structural group composition of resins and asphaltenes of heavy oil. The object of investigation was oil-saturated rocks from Riphean-Vendian complex. The extracted crude oil was determined as a high-viscous fluid. The resins and asphaltenes destructed in a small extent due to thermal treatment. The oil-soluble iron-based catalyst intensified the destructive processes. The content of sulfur compounds (-SO) in resins and asphaltenes drastically decreased due to reduction reaction of sulfoxide to sulfide and hydrogen sulfide. The results showed that catalytic aquathermolysis, even at low temperature ranges, promoted the cracking reaction of most macromolecular components and increased the content of light fractions of heavy oil. Consequently, it reduced its viscosity.     

低熔、低介玻璃粉末的初步研究

通过玻璃组成与性能关系的设计研究,以及玻璃／钙长石／莫来石复合设计,研究了合适的玻璃相种类对复合材料的介电性能等的影响。通过比较其综合性能,初步确定出性能优良的低熔、低介玻璃粉末。     

地震电磁前兆研究进展

强震前存在地震电磁异常现象已被大量强震震例所证实,在我国地震电磁前兆已成为地震短临预测的有效手段.地震电磁短临前兆主要包括:地磁场、地电场、电磁辐射、电离层、高能粒子等与地震孕育发生有关的各种异常现象.地震短临电磁前兆及其机理极为复杂,有来自震源信息的局部性前兆,有来自震源所在的区域应力场构造前兆以及与孕震立体环境有关的大尺度动态前兆.孕震过程中产生的电磁效应及其相关现象,通过化学途径、声学途径、电磁途径向空中传播,研究岩石圈-大气层-电离层耦合现象,有利于进一步加深对地震电磁前兆及其机理的认识.发射地震电磁卫星形成天地一体化的监测体系,将促进地震电磁科学研究和地震预测领域的发展.     

CIGS薄膜(InGa)2Se3-富Cu-富In(Ga)的演变

采用三步共蒸发工艺顺序沉积铜铟镓硒(CuInGaSe2,CIGS)薄膜.薄膜的厚度、组份、晶相结构分别由台阶仪、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)来表征.在(In,Ga)2Se3预制层-富Cu相的演变过程中,依次发生以下相变:Cu(In,Ga)5Se8、Cu(In,Ga)3Se5、Cu2(In,Ga)4Se7(或Cu(In,Ga)2Se3.5)、Cu(In,Ga)Se2(液相CuxSe).在富Cu相-富In(Ga)相的演变过程中,依次发生以下相变:Cu(In,Ga)Se2(液相CuxSe)、Cu2(In,Ga)4Se7(或Cu(In,Ga)2Se3.5)、Cu(In,Ga)3Se5、Cu(In,Ga)5Se8.对这两个演变过程中薄膜的生长机理和结构特性进行了讨论.     

玻璃–莫来石陶瓷复合材料基板的研究

以低介电常数的玻璃粉末和莫来石粉末为原料,制备了玻璃–莫来石陶瓷复合材料基板.研究了烧结温度和莫来石含量对复合材料的介电性能和抗弯强度的影响.结果表明,当莫来石质量分数为50%时,玻璃–陶瓷复合材料经1 000℃、2 h的烧结后,其相对介电常数εr为4.6、介质损耗tgδ为0.008、抗弯强度σ为90 MPa.另外,该复合材料在200～600℃之间的热膨胀系数约为4.0×10-6℃-1,与Si、GaAs等半导体材料的热膨胀系数相近,可望作为优质封装材料应用.