Industry evaluation of the Requirements Abstraction Model

Software requirements are often formulated on different levels and hence they are difficult to compare to each other. To address this issue, a model that allows for placing requirements on different levels has been developed. The model supports both abstraction and refinement of requirements, and hence requirements can both be compared with each other and to product strategies. Comparison between requirements will allow for prioritization of requirements, which in many cases is impossible if the requirements are described on different abstraction levels. Comparison to product strategies will enable early and systematic acceptance or dismissal of requirements, minimizing the risk for overloading. This paper presents an industrial evaluation of the model. It has been evaluated in two different companies, and the experiences and findings are presented. It is concluded that the requirements abstraction model provides helpful improvements to the industrial requirements engineering process.

T2铜板冲裁间隙对冲裁力及断面质量的影响

为提高冲裁件的断面质量和冲裁效率,实现对冲裁间隙的合理优化,现提出了一种新的板料冲裁试验构想:采用广泛应用于变压器等领域板厚为6 mm且相同规格的T2紫铜作为试验材料,通过更换凸模来改变冲裁间隙,完成在不同冲裁间隙条件下对板料的冲裁试验,采集并分析冲裁力随冲裁行程的变化曲线;同时测量光亮带的宽度和最大冲裁力位置,并拟合冲裁力、光亮带宽度等与冲裁间隙之间的曲线.试验表明:冲裁力在塑性变形阶段增大幅度先快后慢,而在此阶段的初期冲裁间隙对冲裁力几乎无影响,但随着冲裁的深入,冲裁间隙越大,冲裁力则越小,当进入断裂带后冲裁力急速下降;对比在相同冲裁间隙条件下冲裁力随冲裁行程的变化曲线和断面质量,可获得冲裁件断面光亮带会随着冲裁力达到最大值时而结束.研究表明,当冲裁间隙为16.67%左右时,光亮带宽度较大且冲裁力较小.     

(Z)-7-Tricosene and Monounsaturated Ketones as Sex Pheromone Components of the Australian Guava Moth Coscinoptycha improbana: Identification, Field Trapping, and Phenology

Pheromone gland extracts of the Australian guava moth Coscinoptycha improbana (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae), contained four compounds that elicited responses from male moth antennae in gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection (GC-EAD) analyses. These were identified by GC-mass spectrometry as (Z)-7-tricosene (Z7-23Hy), (Z)-7-octadecen-11-one (Z7-11-one-18Hy), (Z)-7-nonadecen-11-one (Z7-11-one-19Hy), and (Z)-7-tricosen-11-one (Z7-11-one-23Hy) at a ratio of 65:23.5:1.5:10, respectively. Z7-23Hy, Z7-11-one-18Hy, and Z7-11-one-23Hy have not previously been reported as lepidopteran sex pheromone components. Z7-11-one-18Hy was active as a single component, and was synergized by Z7-11-one-23Hy but not Z7-11-one-19Hy, although the latter compound was weakly attractive as a single component. Addition of Z7-23Hy further increased attraction. The amount of the major pheromone component, Z7-11-one-18Hy in female pheromone gland extracts was estimated to be 16.4 ng/female (N = 8). Phenological data gathered over a 12-mo period in 2002 and 2003 using the binary blend indicated that moths are active throughout the year. The pheromone has already been employed to monitor the spread of C. improbana in New Zealand and detect its presence in Queensland, Australia.     

Investigation of the effectiveness and social validity of the Triple P Positive Parenting Program in Japanese society.

A pilot trial provided some evidence that the Triple P Positive Parenting Program is effective with and acceptable to a Japanese population in Australia (Matsumoto, Sofronoff, & Sanders, 2007). This effectiveness study aimed to address theoretical and practical concerns related to the parent training program in community settings in Japan. The research used community resources within an ecological framework. Fifty-four Japanese families living in a Tokyo metropolitan area were randomly assigned to either a treatment or a wait-list control group. Program effects and acceptability were examined and then compared with the outcomes from the trial with Japanese parents living in Australia. The results showed significant program effects and high levels of acceptability of the program and core parenting skills, which was consistent with the pilot trial. The findings provided support for the effectiveness and sociocultural validation of Triple P in Japanese society. Intervention effects and program acceptability as well as limitations and future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Nutritive value of rapeseed meal: Effects of individual glucosinolates

In the first of a series of studies on the nutritional value of rapeseed meal, rats were fed diets containing six individual glucosinolates over a period of 29 days. The diets included progoitrin and gluconapin both of which are major components of high glucosinolate rapeseed cultivars. No reduction of feed intake or growth rate was noted and thyroid weights were significantly affected only by the progoitrin diet, which also produced small increases in the weights of the livers and kidneys. There was no depression of plasma thyroid hormone levels.     

Risk assessment of LPG automotive refuelling facilities

Quantified risk analysis (QRA) was used for the revision of regulatory separation distances associated with medium size liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) refuelling facilities used in automotive service (gas) stations. Typically these facilities consist of a 7.5 kl pressure vessel, pump, pipework, dispensing equipment and safety equipment. Multi-tank installations are relatively uncommon.This paper describes the hazard scenarios considered, the risk analysis procedure and the selection and application of data for initiating events and for rates of failure of mechanical components and of the pressure vessel. Human errors and intervention possibilities were also considered. Because of the inapplicability of established consequence models and the relatively small scale of the facilities, a number of tests were performed to estimate flame length, flame impingement effects, ignition probabilities and the effectiveness of screening devices.     

Model-based Decision support in Diabetes Care

The model-based Karlsburg Diabetes Management System (KADIS^®) has been developed as a patient-focused decision-support tool to provide evidence-based advice for physicians in their daily efforts to optimize metabolic control in diabetes care of their patients on an individualized basis. For this purpose, KADIS^® was established in terms of a personalized, interactive in silico simulation procedure, implemented into a problem-related diabetes health care network and evaluated under different conditions by conducting open-label mono- and polycentric trials, and a case-control study, and last but not least, by application in routine diabetes outpatient care. The trial outcomes clearly show that the recommendations provided to the physicians by KADIS^® lead to significant improvement of metabolic control. This model-based decision-support system provides an excellent tool to effectively guide physicians in personalized decision-making to achieve optimal metabolic control for their patients.     

动态旋流器的操作研究与进展

动态旋流器作为一种新型高效脱油设备,在油水分离方面同现有脱油设备相比有较大优势。现场对比试验表明,动态旋流器样机有良好的机械可靠性和较高的脱油效率。文中着重描述了动态旋流器样机的研究进展及操作经验,简要介绍了动态旋流器样机的参数化建模设计思想,这不仅提高了其设计及制造精度,而且得到与理论预测相近的结果。     

人工智能应用于临床试验的伦理问题分析及对策

人工智能的发展日臻成熟,已经渗透到临床试验的各个领域,人工智能为临床试验带来了新的发展机遇。然而,人工智能应用于临床试验仍然处于探索阶段,面临很多伦理问题,包括数据质量导致的试验风险、数据监管带来的隐私保护以及数据授权与知情同意矛盾等。我们应该精准定位人工智能于临床试验的可实现应用并理解其现实的伦理问题,制定相应的应对策略以保障临床试验全过程性能的最大化改进,包括加强数据质量管理,降低临床试验风险;优化数据监管机制,保障数据安全和隐私;搭建数据授权平台,健全知情同意司法保护等。     

Field testing of an optimal sensor placement methodology for event detection in an urban water distribution network

This paper presents a method to identify ‘optimal’ locations of pressure sensor instruments for the detection of leak/burst events and the results of a set of field trials conducted to evaluate the approach. The identification method is based on complete enumeration studies using hydraulic model simulations of a wide range of burst events and evaluating the response to each event at all possible monitoring points. The field trials simulated leak/burst events through the opening of fire hydrants within a selected District Metered Area (DMA), five different hydrants were opened systematically in the DMA to simulate different leak/burst events. By installing pressure instrumentation at different locations in the DMA, an understanding of how accurately the model methodology can determine sensitivity of instrument location can be obtained. Prior to and during the hydrant openings pressure data was collected at eight different instrument locations within the DMA. These pressure instruments were installed to cover different model predicted sensitivities and to provide good spatial coverage. The results show that pressure instrumentation location is crucial to sensitivity and that the modelling methodology is able to predict instrument location sensitivity to leak/burst events and thus offer an improvement over current industry practice for instrument deployment. It should be noted that this field application made use of current UK standard models, with no additional calibration or updating.