液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法同时测定血液中6种毒品及其代谢物

建立了一种同时测定血液中吗啡、苯丙胺类、氯胺酮和杜冷丁等6种常见毒品的液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器联用的定性定量方法。条件为以乙腈和0.005mol/L的磷酸二氢钾水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,经C18色谱柱分离,二极管阵列检测器检测,检测波长210nm。利用保留时间和紫外吸收光谱进行定性分析。血浆中6种毒品在8.0～200.0ng/mL范围内线性关系良好（r2=0.999 2）,回收率范围为68.9%～95.2%,检测限为3.3ng/mL。结果表明,该方法操作简便、快速、选择性强、灵敏度高,适于血液中6种常见毒品及其代谢物的分析,可为相关案件提供方法和技术支持。     

药物中抗坏血酸的铁铵矾氧化还原滴定法

研究了用磺基水杨酸作指示剂，用铁铵矾标准溶液氧化还原滴定抗坏血酸的新方法，用于药物中抗坏血酸的测定，结果与碘量测定法，紫外光度法所得结果基本一致。     

A new hybrid quantitative structure property relationships-support vector regression (QSPR-SVR) approach for predicting the solubility of drug compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide

The purpose of this work was to compare the performance of 7 meta-heuristics algorithms namely: Dragonfly (DA), Ant Lion (ALO), Grey Wolf (GWO), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Particle Swarm (PSO), Whale (WAO), and a hybrid Particle Swarm with Grey Wolf (HPSOGWO) optimizers in terms of fine-tuning hyper-parameters of a hybrid quantitative structure property relationships (QSPR)-support vector regression (SVR) for the prediction of molar fraction solubilities of drug compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂). A dataset of 168 drug compounds, 13 inputs, and 4490 experimental data points was used to achieve the goal. All 7 models were statistically and graphically approved while the HPSOGWO-SVR was found to over-perform with an average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 0.706% and an AIC of −14,434,249. The model was subjected to an external test (validation) using 160 experimental data points that were not used in the training and the test set. The overall results proved that the obtained model has good predictivity ability and robustness.     

Nanopore-Based Analysis of Chemically Modified DNA and Nucleic Acid Drug Targets

Nucleic acids are central figures in many of life’s key molecular processes, e.g., enzymatic activity, epigenetics/gene regulation, viral replication, aging, cancer, and other diseases. Over the past two decades, nanopores have emerged as a new tool for studying the properties of nucleic acids at the single-molecule level. In this review, we summarize the use of nanopores as sensors of nucleic acid structure, particularly for studying chemically modified and damaged DNA, and for probing the interactions of small-molecule drugs with nucleic acid targets.     

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver: A Possible New Target for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Treatment

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder worldwide. Several lines of evidence have indicated a pathogenic role of insulin resistance, and a strong association with type 2 diabetes (T2MD) and metabolic syndrome. Importantly, NAFLD appears to enhance the risk for T2MD, as well as worsen glycemic control and cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. In turn, T2MD may promote NAFLD progression. The opportunity to take into account NAFLD in T2MD prevention and care has stimulated several clinical studies in which antidiabetic drugs, such as metformin, thiazolidinediones, GLP-1 analogues and DPP-4 inhibitors have been evaluated in NAFLD patients. In this review, we provide an overview of preclinical and clinical evidences on the possible efficacy of antidiabetic drugs in NAFLD treatment. Overall, available data suggest that metformin has beneficial effects on body weight reduction and metabolic parameters, with uncertain effects on liver histology, while pioglitazone may improve liver histology. Few data, mostly preclinical, are available on DPP4 inhibitors and GLP-1 analogues. The heterogeneity of these studies and the small number of patients do not allow for firm conclusions about treatment guidelines, and further randomized, controlled studies are needed.     

包结拆分在手性药物分离中的机理与应用

对外消旋体药物进行分离拆分是获取手性药物的重要方法。探讨了环糊精体系包结拆分法的机理，并对运用其机理于手性药物分离中的应用作了探讨。     

Transport of surface-modified nanoparticles through cell monolayers

We synthesized three peptides, a D-polyarginyl peptide (r8(FITC)), a Tat peptide (Tat(FITC)), and a control peptide (Cp(FITC)) and attached each to amino-CLIO, a nanoparticle 30 nm in diameter. We then examined the effective permeability, Peff, of all six materials through CaCo-2 monolayers. The transport of peptide-nanoparticles was characterized by a lag phase (0-8 h) and a steady-state phase (9-27 h). The steady-state Peff values for peptides were in the order r8(FITC)>Tat(FITC)=Cp(FITC). When r8(FITC) and Tat(FITC) peptides were attached to the nanoparticle, they conferred their propensity to traverse cell monolayers onto the nanoparticle, whereas Cp(FITC) did not. Thus, when the r8(FITC) peptide was attached to the amino-CLIO nanoparticle, the resulting peptide-nanoparticle had a Peff similar to that of this poly-D-arginyl peptide alone. The Peff of r8(FITC)-CLIO (MW approximately 1000 kDa) was similar to that of mannitol (MW=182 Da), a poorly transported reference substance, with a far lower molecular weight. These results are the first to indicate that the modification of nanoparticles by attachment of membrane-translocating sequence-based peptides can alter nanoparticle transport through monolayers. This suggests that the surface modification of nanoparticles might be a general strategy for enhancing the permeability of drugs and that high-permeability nanoparticle-based therapeutics can be useful in selected pharmaceutical applications.