基于理想方案排序法的黑启动方案相对有效性评价

为了简便有效地筛选出合适的电力系统黑启动方案,在改进的数据包络分析模型（DEA）基础之上提出了理想方案排序法（TRIS）。首先构建新的改进DEA模型,分别计算出各个黑启动方案在改进DEA模型所得到公共权重下的效率值,再构造出排队指标值。通过对排队指标值进行排序,即可得出各个黑启动方案的相对有效性排序。该方法保持了原方法计算简便的优点,克服了由于所选非阿基米德无穷小量不同使黑启动方案优劣排序顺序不同的缺点。最后通过实例验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

PAS原位合成WC陶瓷的反应历程

以WO3和炭黑的混合粉末为原料,采用等离子活化烧结(PAS)工艺,经原位反应、烧结合成WC陶瓷.利用热分析、XRD和热力学计算对反应历程进行研究,确定了合成过程中各物相的演变规律.结果表明:随着合成温度的升高,WO3与炭黑先反应生成WO2.72,再进一步转化为WO2;1000℃以上,WO2与炭黑反应生成W2C和WC,随后缺碳相W2C继续被碳化为WC,并在1300℃时生成物相单一的WC相.PAS原位合成WC陶瓷的反应历程为:WO3 →WO2.72→WO2→W2C→WC.     

铜包铝铜带生产实践

本文以水平连铸生产铜包铝铜带为例,简述了铜包铝用纯铜带的生产实践,并对生产容易出现的影响铜带表面质量的主要因素和缺陷问题进行了简述并提出了相应的改进控制措施。     

Designing scalable product families by the radial basis function–high-dimensional model representation metamodelling technique

Product family design is cost-efficient for achieving the best trade-off between commonalization and diversification. However, for computationally intensive design functions which are viewed as black boxes, the family design would be challenging. A two-stage platform configuration method with generalized commonality is proposed for a scale-based family with unknown platform configuration. Unconventional sensitivity analysis and information on variation in the individual variants’ optimal design are used for platform configuration design. Metamodelling is employed to provide the sensitivity and variable correlation information, leading to significant savings in function calls. A family of universal electric motors is designed for product performance and the efficiency of this method is studied. The impact of the employed parameters is also analysed. Then, the proposed method is modified for obtaining higher commonality. The proposed method is shown to yield design solutions with better objective function values, allowable performance loss and higher commonality than the previously developed methods in the literature.     

黑色聚酰亚胺薄膜

黑色聚酰亚胺树脂及其薄膜在光学、电子、空间技术等高科技领域发挥重要作用。本文介绍了近几年来国内外的一些研发成果。指出应加速提高我国聚酰亚胺的整体产业化水平,相关企业应加大科研投入力度,尤其是信息资源的投入力度。其中,近几年来国内外的专利技术信息更是重中之重。     

20 V stack of aqueous supercapacitors with carbon (−), titanium bipolar plates and CNT‐polypyrrole composite (+)

A 20 V stack of 19 supercapacitors was fabricated from titanium bipolar plates (150 × 150 × 0.1 mm³) coated on each side with carbon nanotubes and polypyrrole composite (+) and pigment carbon black (?), and microporous polymeric separators containing aqueous KCl. Internal sealing of each cell in the stack was achieved by placing a silicone rubber washer between neighboring bipolar plates. The stack was tested by high voltage cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charging and discharging, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It approached 25 kW/kg in maximum specific power and 3.64 Wh/kg in specific energy. Performance of the stack through intermittent charging‐discharging tests in a storage period of 10 months (still ongoing) remained fairly stable. For example, it exhibited almost zero decay in capacitance after 1000 continuous galvanostatic charging‐discharging cycles in the first month of storage (10 V), and less than 6% loss in the seventh month (19 V). © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012     

Calibration and Uncertainty Analysis of an Optical Emission Spectrometer Measuring the Absolute Spectral Radiant Exitance of UV Signatures

An optical emission spectrometer (OES) was designed and constructed to detect the absolute spectral radiant exitance of UV signatures for a wavelength range of 240 nm to 440 nm. Using a directly heated graphite black body furnace operating at a temperature of 3000 K, the spectral response of the OES in the UV range was calibrated. To evaluate the performance of the OES system, the emission spectra of molecules were measured in a butane flame and the absolute emissions of the UV signatures were calculated. The uncertainty of the absolute measurement of the UV signature was analyzed by considering various uncertainty budgets, and the total uncertainty of the OES was found to be 1.66 %.     

Adsorption behaviors of crystal violet from aqueous solution using Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.): kinetic and equilibrium studies

ABSTRACT

In this study, Anatolian black pine (ABP, Pinus nigra Arnold.) was evaluated as biosorbent for removal of crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solution. The influence of operational parameters including solution pH, initial CV concentration, biosorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature were studied in batch systems. The adsorption data followed well Langmuir isotherm with a maximum biosorption capacity of 12.36 mg/g. The equilibrium data were better fitted with pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R² ? 0.99). Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters indicated that the CV biosorption was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic process. This study showed that ABP (Pinus nigra Arnold.) can be used to remove CV from aqueous solutions.