纳米CdS∶Cu双酶膜葡萄糖生物传感器

将纳米CdS∶Cu颗粒加入到葡萄糖酶(GOD)和辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)双酶膜中,与导电聚合物聚邻苯二胺(PoPD)经电化学聚合反应而固定此两酶,制备了电流型纳米CdS∶Cu颗粒双酶膜葡萄糖生物传感器,分析了CdS∶Cu纳米颗粒对传感器电流响应的影响,进行了传感器的性能测定。实验表明,引入CdS∶Cu纳米粒子和PoPD后可显著改进传感器响应性能,线性范围为0.55~9.2 mmol/L,检测下限为0.55 mmol/L,响应时间为20 s。稳定工作215天,传感器活性指标无显著变化,且抗干扰性强。     

高频等离子体法制备纳米三氧化二锑

以普通三氧化二锑为原料,采用高频等离子体为热源,经高温加热和骤冷工艺,得到纳米三氧化二锑粉,对制备的粉体进行化学成分、比表面积、粒径、物相和形貌等测试。结果表明,采用高频等离子法制备的纳米三氧化二锑为立方晶系,粉体颗粒为球形,平均粒径为30 nm,比表面积为90.9 m2/g。     

不同形貌CuO纳米粒子的制备与性能

采用CuSO4.5H2O、Cu(NO3)2、(CH2)6N4和NaOH为原料,采用沉淀法分别制备纤维状CuO纳米粒子和纺锤状CuO纳米粒子,用透射电镜和X射线衍射仪对产物的大小﹑形貌和组成进行表征;按质量比为9∶1的比例将黑索金分别与纤维状CuO纳米粒子和纺锤状CuO纳米粒子混合,对样品进行热失重测试分析,根据黑索金热分解温度的变化来衡量催化剂的活性。结果表明,采用沉淀法制备CuO纳米粒子时,反应温度、终点pH值对产物形貌有显著影响;不同形貌的CuO纳米粒子对黑索金的分解催化作用效果不同。     

溶胶-凝胶自蔓延法制备球形纳米铜粉

以硝酸铜、柠檬酸为原料,利用氨水调节pH制备溶胶,将溶胶蒸发干燥得到的干凝胶通过自蔓延法制得金属铜纳米粉体,研究pH在制备溶胶-凝胶过程中对成胶时间的影响,以及pH、自蔓延温度对产物组成的影响;通过差热分析、X射线衍射和扫描电镜分别对凝胶的热分解机制、产物的物相组成以及形貌和粒度进行分析。结果表明,当pH=6～7时,形成的凝胶均一,凝胶时间最短(4 h);当自蔓延反应温度为250℃时,可以制得粒径为50～70 nm的球形纳米铜颗粒。     

自组装制备铁质文物保护用纳米缓蚀颗粒

长效缓蚀材料对于铁质文物的长期保护有着至关重要的作用.通过层层自组装的方法,在带负电荷的SiO2胶粒表面交替组装上了带正电荷的聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)层,带负电荷的聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)层,以及带正电荷的缓蚀活性成分苯并三氮唑(BTA)层.利用透射电子显微镜、zeta电位仪、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等对纳米缓蚀颗粒进行了表征.结果表明,随着组装过程的进行,胶体粒子尺寸依次增大,颗粒表面zeta电位出现负正交替变化,表面元素化学环境也随之改变,氮原子的结合能随静电作用的增强向高位移动.缓蚀剂的负载量可通过多层组装方式提高,BTA单层负载量可达到35.4mg/g SiO2.     

饮用水纳米处理技术的国际研发动态

面对日益遭受污染的饮用水水源,传统水处理方法已很难有效处理其中的许多微污染物及病原微生物.相比之下,纳米材料以其独特的结构和强大的功能可以为饮用水处理工艺更新换代提供一种潜在的技术.目前的研究结果表明,纳米TiO2材料经紫外光催化后可有效克服反渗透的膜污染问题;碳纳米管可大大提高反渗透膜的通透性,并能有效去除细菌与病毒;抗菌纳米粒子亦可用于消毒和灭菌,纳米粒子的超顺磁性还可以有效吸收As等重金属;活性催化纳米粒子可以去除地下水中的有毒污染物.此外,纳米传感器还可快速检测水生病原体甚至化学有毒物质和重金属.然而,纳米材料对环境和人体健康可能具有潜在的危害,这还有待进一步评估.     

碳纳米管场发射冷阴极的低温制备及场发射性能

利用纳米银的低温熔接性和良好导电性,研究了以纳米银取代传统的有机粘结剂和导电银浆制备CNTs场发射冷阴极的新工艺.将CNTs、纳米银、粘性松油醇和有机溶剂混合研磨后涂敷在镀Cu玻璃基片上,250℃烧结30min后,纳米银颗粒之间互相熔接,将周围的CNTs粘结成为整体膜,形成了表面平整、导电性和场发射性能良好的CNTs阴极.测量了不同纳米银掺入量的CNTs阴极的场发射性能,结果表明:当CNTs:Ag质量比率为1:1时,CNTs阴极具有最好的场发射性能,阈值电场为4.9V/μm,当电场强度为5.7V/μm时,场发射电流密度为41mA/cm2.纳米银比例过大,烧结后CNTs被熔接的银膜覆盖,高电压时场发射电流明显下降,而纳米银掺入量太少则会导致CNTs阴极的附着力和导电性变差.     

电场对化学沉降制备的硫化镉纳米颗粒的影响

首次把外加电场作为环境因素,引入到在均匀溶液中化学沉降法制备的硫化镉纳米颗粒。用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)观察到,电场对化学沉降方式制备的硫化镉纳米颗粒生长方式的影响。用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察到,外加电场显著地影响了获得纳米颗粒的形貌。外加静电场成为一种能够影响纳米颗粒在溶液中生长的新手段。     

Electronic properties of WC nano-compound: Compton spectroscopy and band structure calculations

We present the electronic properties of tungsten carbide (WC) nano-compound using the Compton scattering technique. We have measured the Compton profile (CP) of nano-powder using our ¹³⁷Cs Compton spectrometer. To determine the theoretical CPs of WC nano-compound, we have employed linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) with Hartree-Fock and density functional theory. Although all the LCAO-based calculations show similar agreement with the experiment, the second-order generalised gradient approximation gives a marginally better agreement with the measured CP data. Layered structures and slight over-lapping in energy bands show a small role of exchange and correlation potentials in case of WC nano-compound, which is in contrast to bulk WC.     

Eggshell nano-particle potential for methyl violet and mercury ion removal: Surface study and field application

A nano-scale sorbent was produced from eggshell wastes for sorption of Hg(II) and methyl violet (MV) from aqueous solutions and real wastewaters. The properties of the nano-particles were fully determined using SEM, DLS, FTIR, XRD, BET, TGA, AFM, EDAX, mapping, and TEM analyses. The adsorbent structure mainly contained carbonate and silica. The effects of influential parameters including temperature, contact time, initial contaminants concentration, sorbent dose, and initial pH on the removal efficiency were investigated. The maximum sorption efficiency of Hg(II) and MV occurred at pH of 6 and 9 and temperatures of 25 °C and 55 °C, respectively. Freundlich model could be interpreted the equilibrium data of the sorption process of both contaminants. The maximum sorption capacity of Hg(II) and MV using eggshell nano-particles was obtained as 116.27 mg/g and 123.45 mg/g, respectively. The dynamic behavior of the process was studied using two kinetic models. The sorption system performance was also examined and t_1/2 were determined as 4.34 min for Hg(II) and 4.97 min for MV. The sorption process of Hg(II) and MV was exothermic and endothermic, respectively. Effective sorption after seven cycles and successful treatment of landfill leachate and textile wastewater with eggshell nano-particles confirms its adequacy.