超声技术在制备金属纳米粒子中的应用

随着纳米科技的发展,制备纳米材料的新方法层出不穷。本文从超声技术的基本原理和特点出发,介绍了近年来超声在制备金属纳米粒子中的应用和进展,表明了采用超声制备金属纳米粒子具有方便、快捷、高效等优点。     

Synthesis and characterization of laser-based direct metal deposited nano-particles reinforced surface coatings for industrial slurry erosion applications

A nano-based material system resistant to the impingement of solid and liquid particles on the solid surfaces was developed by the laser-based direct metal deposition (LBDMD) process. The nano-based materials system contains 5% tungsten carbide (WC) nano-particles that are agglomerated with nickel-tungsten carbide 60 (Ni-Tung 60) by ball mill operation for slurry erosion resistance applications. Slurry erosion tests are performed on the LBDMD processed depositions using the ceramic proppant at different impingement angles using the abrasive water jet erosion testing machine. From these tests the amount of material removed, depth of penetration, and profile of the formed crater are computed as a function of the abrasive water jet impingement angles. The nano-based materials system exhibited better performance for slurry erosion resistance than the monolithic Ni-Tung 60 depositions and 4140 steels. In order to understand the role of the WC nano-particles influence on slurry erosion resistance and to understand the characteristic features of erosion surfaces, sub-surfaces, and the erosion mechanism, different advanced characterization tools are used.     

Effect of a surface treatment for LiNi<Subscript>1/3</Subscript>Co<Subscript>1/3</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>1/3</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> cathode material in lithium secondary batteries

LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ cathode material was surface-treated to improve its electrochemical performance. Al₂O₃ nanoparticles were coated onto the surface of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ powder using a sol-gel method. The as-prepared Al₂O₃ nano-particle was identified as the cubic structure of Al₂O₃. XRD showed that the LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ structure was not affected by the Al₂O₃ coating. With a coating of 3 wt.% Al₂O₃ on LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂, the cyclic-life performance and rate capability were improved. However, heavier coatings (5 wt.%) on LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ resulted in a considerable decrease of the discharge capacity and rate capability. The thermal stability of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ materials was greatly improved by the 3 wt.% Al₂O₃ coating.     

单分散、小粒径纳米ZnO的制备及其表面包覆

以ZnSO4·7H2O和NaOH为原料,采用微乳法制备了单分散、小粒径ZnO纳米颗粒,并用Na2SiO3水解生成的SiO2对其进行表面包覆改性.用IR(红外光谱)、XRD(X射线衍射)、UV-vis(紫外可见光谱)等表征手段对制得的颗粒进行了袁征.结果表明:ZnO表面存在Si-O-Zn键,显示了SiO2的很好的包覆.室...     

纳米铋/蛇纹石粉复合润滑脂添加剂摩擦学性能及机理初探

 针对纳米复合自修复脂的开发问题,在固定粉体总添加质量分数为3%的条件下,采用四球摩擦磨损试验机研究了纳米铋粉与蛇纹石粉的质量比和载荷对锂基脂摩擦学性能的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能谱分析（EDX）探讨了复合粉体在脂中的抗磨减摩机理。结果表明,纳米铋粉与蛇纹石粉复合作为添加剂有利于提高锂基脂的综合摩擦学性能,并且两种粉体的质量比为3∶1时,复合锂基脂在中、低、高载荷下的摩擦学性能最优。该复合粉体提高润滑脂的抗磨减摩机理在于：摩擦副摩擦时,由于纳米铋粉所需要的自修复能量较低,铋粉优先沉积于摩擦副的表面,而粒径较大含量较少的蛇纹石粉体则位于铋粉体之上,两者都起到了自修复的作用,但以铋粉的自修复效果为主。     

基于光诱导电渗流的碳纳米颗粒自动化装配

碳纳米颗粒作为一种新颖的纳米材料,在生物医学以及工业领域等具有重要应用价值.然而如何自动化的操控以及装配碳纳米颗粒仍然是难题.为此,文中提出了一种将光诱导交流电渗流应用于碳纳米颗粒的自动化装配的新方法.在分析了光诱导非均匀电场环境下碳纳米颗粒纳观尺度受力的基础上,率先建立了光诱导交流电渗流的滑移速度理论模型以及驱动交流...     

咔唑-查尔酮衍生物微纳米粒子制备与聚集体荧光增强效应研究

利用简单合成法首次合成了3种新的咔唑-吡啶-查尔酮衍生物,结合SEM谱图、紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱分析发现,样品中吡啶-查尔酮基团增多有利于聚集体形成且颗粒尺寸变小,可达到纳米级。3种样品均呈J-型堆积聚集。稳态/瞬态荧光测试结果表明,由于溶液态到聚集态,3个样品的荧光量子产率提高,辐射衰减寿命增大,导致化合物聚集体的辐射衰减速率增大,非辐射衰减速率降低。     

磺化聚芳醚酮砜/TiO2复合质子交换膜的制备与性能

为了满足高温燃料电池对质子交换膜的要求,通过溶胶共混法制备了掺有不同含量TiO2纳米粒子的磺化聚芳醚酮(SPAEKS)/TiO2复合膜。红外光谱证实TiO2被引入到SPAEKS共聚物中。扫描电镜(SEM)照片显示,纳米级的TiO2粒子能够均匀地分散在SPAEKS共聚物基体中。通过对复合膜的性能测试发现TiO2的引入,复合膜的热稳定性、吸水率、保水能力及阻醇性能都有所提高。而且SPAEKS/TiO2复合膜的质子传导率高于SPAEKS膜,并在高温时尤为明显,能够满足高温燃料电池的需要。     

超支化聚酯功能化纳米粒子改性浸渍漆的研究

以超支化聚二羟甲基丙酸酯(HMPA)表面功能化的Al2O3为填料,绝缘浸渍漆为基体制备了导热绝缘浸渍漆,并对其性能进行了研究。结果表明:与未改性Al2O3相比,超支化聚酯接枝改性的Al2O3能有效地提高绝缘浸渍漆的导热性、力学性能和体积电阻率。随着Al2O3纳米粒子填充量的增加,填充超支化接枝改性Al2O3粉体的浸渍漆纳米复合材料的导热系数和冲击强度均呈现先增加后下降的趋势,当填充量为25%时,其导热系数达到最大值,为未填充浸渍漆的1.82倍;当填充量为20%时,其耐冲击强度达到最大值,为未填充粉体浸渍漆的4.96倍。     

低压化学气相沉积法制备单壁碳纳米管

采用低压化学气相沉积(CVD)技术在MgO载体中的Fe、Co等纳米催化颗粒上制备碳纳米管(CNTs)，用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)及喇曼光谱仪(Raman)对生长的CNTs结构特性进行了分析研究，结果表明制备的样品中虽含多壁碳纳米管，但单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)居多，直径约为0．6～2nm．分布均匀，且既包含金属型管，也包含半导体型管。低压MgO载体CVD制备技术，大大增加了等量Fe、Co等催化反应颗粒的比表面积和反应活性，制备的单壁管产额大、成本低、CNTs更易于提纯。