Spectroscopic Study of Autocombustion Process in the Synthesis of Nano Particles of Ni-Cu Ferrite

The size of nano particles of ferrites synthesized using low-temperature procedures is sensitive to the chemical reactions. At times, the intermediary stages of chemical reactions remain subtle. It is because of the rate of reactions being fast. Some chemicals which take part in the reaction are playing an autocatalytic role. The understanding of the role played by such reactants is essential for having the control on the reaction and growth size of the particles of the product. FTIR spectroscopic analysis along with DTA can play still a substantial role in the synthesis of nano particles. In this article, the successful use of sol-gel technique with citric acid as the catalysis is analyzed using FTIR and TGA. The individual stages of reaction are explained.     

Single mode waveguide properties of m-NA doped Au/PVA nano-composites: Synthesis, characterization and studies

Meta-nitroaniline (m-NA) doped gold/polyvinyl alcohol (Au/PVA) nano-composites are prepared via in-situ reduction of gold salt by employing hydrazine hydrate (HH). Effect of the NLO (non-linear optical) active m-nitroaniline (m-NA) on the photo-physical properties of nano-particles of gold is studied in the colloidal as well as self-supported film form. The UV-Visible absorption bands between 530 and 555 nm due to surface plasmon resonance in Au nano-particles are observed. The absorption values show a shift in the position due to variation in m-NA with respect to the gold concentration. Additional absorption bands are observed after m-NA doping that influences the original position of gold absorption bands. The solutions and the films are further characterized by photoluminescence (PL), FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, TEM and thermal analysis. The particle size as shown by TEM is found to be less than 10 nm. Spin cast nano-composite films show single mode waveguide properties.     

有机分散介质中纳米SiC粉体稳定悬浊液的制备

纳米粉体的稳定分散是制备微观结构均匀、缺陷少的纳米复相陶瓷坯体的关键。本文中采用Zeta电位、粒度分析、SEM等测试技术分析了超声震荡和HF酸洗对SiC纳米粉体的影响;对比研究了乙醇、乙二醇以及75%乙醇和25%乙二醇混合液作为分散介质,聚乙二醇为分散剂时纳米SiC粉体在不同pH下的分散稳定性,确定了粉体最佳超声震荡的最佳时间;探讨了酸洗的作用;并在乙二醇中,以1%PEG为分散剂,pH=10条件下获得了纳米碳化硅粉体的高稳定分散悬浮液。     

Preparation and Characterization of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nano-particles by 60Co γ-ray Irradiation

By using a new method, 60C0 γ-ray irradiation, Fe3O4 magnetic nano-particles were successfully synthesized at room temperature under ambient pressure. The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of these nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The radiation formation mechanism was also discussed. The results show that the absorbed dose can greatly influence the structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the products. XRD and TEM studies show that the product prepared by γ-ray irradiation (10 kGy) is pure FesO4 phase and the mean diameter of these nano-particles is about 21 nm. The Fe3O4 nano-particles synthesized by γ-ray irradiation (10 kGy) are mainly in small cubic shape and the size uniformity of these particles is good.     

纳米颗粒的超导转变温度

首次给出一组适合声子特点的共轭复量子数算符,由此建立声子的量子算符代数理论,根据该理论得到声子的量子化能量、纳米颗粒的晶格点阵热容和纳米颗粒的超导转变温度的具体表示。结果表明,声子的量子化能量、纳米颗粒的晶格点阵热容和纳米颗粒的超导转变温度均与声子的量子尺寸、状态量子数及时间量子数有关。     

Cu/Al复合材料的制备及其对RDX热分解性能的影响

为了改善铝粉的表面氧化,提高其对含能材料热分解的催化作用,以电爆炸铝粉和二水合氯化铜(CuCl_2·2H_2O)为原料,利用置换反应法,实现了纳米铜粒子在铝粉表面的快速沉积,制备了包覆均匀的Cu/Al复合材料。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X?射线粉末衍射(XRD)、电子能谱(EDS)等对其结构和形貌进行了表征。在不同的升温速率下测试了Cu/Al复合材料与黑索今(RDX)(质量比1∶5)混合物的DSC曲线。计算了该混合物热分解反应的动力学参数。结果表明,电爆炸铝粉表面的氧化层通过氟化铵的刻蚀作用被剥离,复合材料含有单质铝和单质铜晶相,无氧化铜及氧化铝晶相,纳米级铜颗粒均匀包覆在铝粉表面,复合材料粒径为200～500 nm。加入Cu/Al复合材料后,RDX的初始分解温度和分解峰温分别降低8.51℃和26.43℃,分解热提高296 J·g~(-1),热分解活化能降低19.19 kJ·mol~(-1),表明Cu/Al复合材料可促进RDX的热分解行为。     

储油罐环氧基钛纳米复合导静电涂层耐蚀性能

目的研究钛纳米填料粒径和含量对环氧基钛纳米复合导静电涂层耐蚀性能的影响。方法将不同粒径的钛纳米粉(经聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮表面预处理)按不同量加入双酚A(E)型环氧树脂中,之后涂覆在Q235钢表面形成导静电复合涂层。通过表面电阻测试、截面形貌观察、电化学极化曲线和阻抗谱测试,分别评价复合涂层的导静电性能、截面结构和耐蚀性。结果钛纳米粉添加量(占涂层质量百分比)为28%时,随着钛纳米粉粒径从40 nm增大到200 nm,环氧基复合导静电涂层的表面电阻降低,截面结构更加杂乱,添加100 nm钛纳米粉的涂层阻抗和极化曲线阳极电流分别出现最大值和最小值。添加的钛纳米粉粒径为100 nm时,随着添加量从7%增至28%,环氧基复合导静电涂层的表面电阻降低,截面孔洞增大,阻抗值降低,极化曲线阳极电流增大。结论钛纳米填料的加入可以有效提高涂层的导静电性能、致密性和耐蚀性。当添加量为28%时,钛纳米粒径大于100 nm后,涂层截面形貌更加杂乱,耐蚀性降低。对于100 nm粒径的钛纳米填料,当其添加量大于7%时,复合涂层的致密性和耐蚀性降低。     

磁性纳米Fe3O4在磁场协助作用下的流态化研究

磁性纳米Fe3O4的密度及黏性较大,透气性差,在传统流化床中很难实现“正常”流态化。实验采用外加磁场能的方法来改善这种状况,外加磁场、铁磁性大颗粒并与流化性能较好的非磁性物料混合流化。实验发现在一定磁场强度、添加质量分数及表观气速下,纳米Fe3O4的流诧性能得到改善,其在流化床中形成的大聚团得到有效的破碎,床层膨胀增加,压降趋子一个稳定值,最小流化速度降低,床层可以实现比较均匀的流化。     

超声分散技术在制备小颗粒(Y,Gd)BO_3∶Eu~(3+)粉体中的应用

采用共沉淀法结合超声分散技术制备亚微米级红色荧光粉(Y,Gd)BO3∶Eu3+,研究了超声时间对离子混合及沉淀过程的影响,以及进而对粉体性能的影响。采用红外光谱(IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、PDP真空紫外荧光粉测试系统对荧光粉的组成、结构与光学性能等进行表征,结果表明:(Y,Gd)BO3∶Eu3+中[BO3]基团中B原子以四配位为主,同时混有三配位,主体基质YBO3以六方碳钙石结构存在,空间群为P63/mmc(194),晶胞参数a=3.778,c=8.814;在离子混合和沉淀过程中经过超声分散制备的粉体与未经超声分散制备的粉体相比较,相对发光强度提高,色坐标红移(x=0.6392,y=0.3604→x=0.6422,y=0.3575),红橙比(626nm/592nm)提高12%,粒径细小,颗粒形貌均匀,分散性良好。     

传统抗磨添加剂与纳米粒子的抗磨减摩机理分析比较

从纳米粒子的结构及性能两方面，分析了纳米粒子的抗磨磨减机理，在与传统的油性剂和极压添加剂的抗磨减磨机理分析对比中发现：纳米粒子是通过改变摩擦方式，表面修复等来减小磨擦磨损的。