纳米粒子作为润滑油脂添加剂的研究进展

纳米粒子作为润滑油脂添加剂以改善润滑油脂的润滑特性是纳米润滑技术的前景之一,它将深刻影响国民经济未来的发展.由纳米特征带来的性能变化,将使我国国产功能部件的整体性能产生质的飞跃,纳米粒子作为润滑脂添加剂适用于功能部件性能的优化和改良,能普遍地、根本性地提高功能部件的一致性、耐久性、可靠性,且纳米粒子作为润滑油脂添加剂价格低廉,非常适合国产部件的普及化运用.利用纳米润滑技术弥补我国在精密制造方面的不足,将为纳米润滑技术在功能部件中的大规模应用提供可能.     

纳米粒子的结构对EVOH纳米复合物性能的影响

为研究纳米填充物对EVOH基体性能的影响,采取熔融共混的方法,用EVOH-56作为基体,按照不同比例填充了化学结构或聚集态结构不同的纳米粉体,从而制备出不同的EVOH纳米复合体系。根据TPT方程,计算出与复合体系中各组分间相互作用相关的参数B值,EVOH-56/纳米TiO_2复合材料的B值(16.493)大于EVOH-56/纳米ZnO复合材料的B值(3.806);随着纳米粉体含量的增加,两种复合物体系的熔体温度升高约6%;而在相同纳米粉含量条件下,EVOH-56/纳米ZnO体系的加工扭矩比EVOH 56/纳米TiO_2体系低5%～10%;在力学性能方面,EVOH-56/nano-ZnO体系的屈服强度值和弹性模量值均优于EVOH 56/nano-TiO_2体系。     

涤纶织物不同纳米颗粒化学复合镀铜性能分析

使用吐温80分别分散纳米ZnO,Si3N4,Fe3O4,ZrC和SiO2颗粒,然后将其添加到化学镀铜液中对涤纶织物进行不同纳米颗粒化学复合镀铜,借助扫描电镜、X射线能谱议、X射线衍射仪和热重分析仪对镀层表面形貌、成分、结构和纤维热性能进行了研究,测定了化学镀铜织物的电磁波屏蔽、导电和耐磨性能。结果表明,与普通化学镀铜织物相比,不同纳米颗粒复合镀铜织物镀层表面粗糙度有所增加,孔隙率明显减少,镀层结构和热起始分解温度变化不明显,晶粒尺寸有所改变。当纳米颗粒添加量不大时,对电磁波屏蔽效能和表面比电阻影响不大,而耐磨性变差。随着增重率的增加,纳米颗粒复合镀铜织物的电磁波屏蔽效能开始时增加较快,后趋于缓慢。     

纳米粒子聚集过程的计算机模拟

纳米粒子聚集形成的聚集体在结构上往往具有分形特性 ,描述聚集过程的计算机模型可分为粒子聚集模型和团簇聚集模型 ,前者适用于粒子在电极上的沉积过程 ,后者在普通的气相法和液相法的纳米粒子制备领域中有更高的普适性。根据不同过程中的关键因素 ,发展了扩散控制、反应控制、静电屏蔽、结构重排等模型     

聚合物分散剂对纳米四氧化三钴制备的影响

在均匀沉淀法制备纳米Co3O4的过程中,研究了加入聚乙二醇(PEG-600,PEG-1000)和低相对分子质量的聚丙烯酸钠(PAANa)作为分散剂对前驱体和产物的影响。研究结果表明:加入聚合物分散剂后,能有效地防止纳米粒子的团聚,并能通过聚合物分散剂的相对分子质量来控制产物粒子的形状和大小;当PEG-1000的用量为40mg/mL时,可以获得平均粒径为20nm左右的球形Co3O4;当PAANa用量在15mg/mL左右时,可得到粒径     

聚合物纳米复合材料结晶行为研究进展

综述了聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料及聚合物/刚性纳米粒子复合材料中基体树脂的结晶行为,并分析了纳米粒子影响聚合物结晶过程的机理。     

Near-field and confocal surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures

For laser spectroscopy at variable temperatures with high spatial resolution a combined scanning near‐field optical and confocal microscope was developed. Rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye molecules dispersed on silver nano‐particles or nano‐clusters were investigated. For optical excitation of the molecules, either an aperture probe or a focused laser spot in confocal arrangement were employed. Raman spectra in the wavenumber range between 300 cm^?1 and 3000 cm^?1 at room temperatures down to 8.5 K were recorded. Many of the observed Raman lines can be associated with the structure of the adsorbed molecule. Intensity fluctuations in spectral sequences were observed down to 77 K and are indicative of single molecule sensitivity.     

Formation and characterization of low resistivity sub-100 nm copper films deposited by electroless on SAM

Thin Cu films of microelectronic quality and low electrical resistivity were created by electroless deposition (ELD) onto SiO₂ surface modified first with self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) and activated then by 5 nm gold nano-particles (AuNPs). The presence of highly oriented amino-terminated SAM was revealed by XPS and ToF-SIMS analyses. The Cu films were deposited in boron- and phosphorous-free tartrate/formaldehyde electrolyte. Controlling the deposition rate via the solution pH permitted a minimum value in resistivity ρ. XPS depth profile revealed that diffusion of Cu into SiO₂ modified by APTMS did not take place after annealing at 220 °C, 4 h. Moreover, annealing resulted in the drop of electrical resistivity to ρ = 4 ± 0.4 μΩ cm for the films with the thickness of 35-100 nm. This value of ρ is several times smaller than those reported in literature for sub-100 nm Cu films deposited by electroless on different SAMs. It is speculated that nano-scale porosity and corrugated structure observed by HRTEM and AFM in the ELD Cu films contribute to the resistivity. The obtained results demonstrate a viable route for formation of low resistivity, sub-100 nm Cu films on dielectrics for microelectronic application.     

Preparation of nanoparticles of magnesium hydroxide from bittern

Mg（OH）2 nano-particles with fiber-like morphology were prepared by chemical precipitation process, with the bittern from Qinghai Salt Lakes used as Mg^2＋ raw material and ammonia water as precipitator. The influence of aging procedure on the Mg（OH）2 crystal was investigated by TEM and crystalline size calculation. The Mg（OH）2 nano-particles were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and TG-DTA methods. The results indicate that the Mg（OH）2 nano-particles with perfect crystal are obtained after aging procedure above 50 ℃, and the grain size increases with increasing aging temperature and prolonging aging time. Mg（OH）2 particles with fiber-like morphology, 20-60 nm in diameter and 300-500 nm in length are observed, Mg（OH）2 will decompose into MgO at temperature range 347-623℃.     

乙醇中锆丝电爆炸法制备碳包覆ZrC纳米颗粒

采用在有机液体中进行金属丝电爆炸的方法制备了碳包覆纳米颗粒。以无水乙醇为介质,向高纯度锆丝中施加高压脉冲电流,金属丝在高密度电流的下迅速熔化、气化、膨胀并爆炸,伴随着高温、高压条件下碳的析出和反应、包覆过程,制备出纳米粉体颗粒,对电爆炸过程中的能量、电流、电压进行了测试和分析,通过XRD、TEM、HTEM等分析了产物特征。结果表明：产物为球状碳包覆结构的碳化锆纳米颗粒,粒径分布在10-150nm之间;在4kv、8kv、12kv电压下,产物平均粒径分别为24.9nm、41.1nm、43.9nm。最后,对碳包覆纳米ZrC颗粒的形成机理进行了初步的探讨。