暂堵与堵水配套技术实现选择性堵水研究

针对笼统堵水调剖作业中非目的层受到伤害的问题,从理论上证明了对于多层油藏,若不对非目的层进行保护,则堵液对其伤害是很大的,从而使措施失去效用.利用凝胶体系在低渗层表面形成快速堵塞的原理,采用一种成胶和破胶时间均可控的暂堵凝胶体系,与后续注入的堵剂体系配套使用,岩芯流动实验表明,这种方法可以使绝大部分堵液进入高渗层,从而大大减少对非目的层的伤害.     

悬浮颗粒对砂岩储层吸水能力影响评价

悬浮颗粒含量和粒径是砂岩油藏注入水水质控制的主要指标之一,评价固相颗粒含量和粒径大小对注水地层吸水能力的影响对于确定合理注入水水质指标十分重要.利用正交试验原理,通过系列实验,系统评价了注入水中固相颗粒含量、粒径、岩芯渗透率及注入孔隙体积之间的相互作用及其对储层渗透性能的影响,利用非线性回归分析技术,通过回归方程获得了储层孔喉与"无伤害"颗粒粒径之间的规律关系,取得了有益的结论,对于油田制定合理的水质控制指标、预测吸水能力变化和制定增注措施具有重要指导意义.     

Aerosol Synthesis of Inhalation Particles via a Droplet-to-Particle Method

Inhalation powders with consistent particle properties, including particle size, size distribution, and shape were produced with an aerosol synthesis method. Compared to conventional spray drying, the aerosol method provides better control of the thermal history and residence time of each droplet and product particle due to the laminar flow in the heated zone of the reactor where the droplet drying and particle formation take place. A corticosteroid, beclomethasone dipropionate, generally used for asthma treatment was chosen as a representative material to demonstrate the process. Spherical particles were produced with a droplet-to-particle method from an ethanolic precursor solution. The droplets produced with an ultrasonic nebulizer were carried to a heated zone of the reactor at 50-150°C where the solvent was evaporated and dry particles formed. The mass mean diameter of the particles were well within the respirable size range (approximately 2 μm). The geometric standard deviation (GSD) of produced particles was approximately 2. The particle surface structure varied from smooth to rough depending on the degree of particle crystallinity and was affected by the thermal history of the particle. Amorphous particles with smooth surface were most likely obtained due to the rapid evaporation of the solvent from the droplet combined with the slow diffusion of the beclomethasone dipropionate molecule. The amorphous particles were transformed slowly to crystalline particles in the open atmosphere. In addition, the particle surface structure changed from smooth to rough during storage. The process was accelerated by thermal post-annealing. However, additional heating also increased particle sintering. By optimizing the reactor parameters, and thus increasing the molecular diffusion, stable, crystalline particles were produced at 150°C.     

Formation of amorphous and nanocrystalline phases in high velocity oxy-fuel thermally sprayed a Fe–Cr–Si–B–Mn alloy

High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray was used to deposit a Fe–Cr–Si–B alloy coating onto stainless steel (1Cr18Ni9Ti) substrate. Microstructures of the powder and the coating were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning election microscopy (SEM), transmission election microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The coating had layered morphologies due to the deposition and solidification of successive molten or half-molten splats. The microstructures of the coating consisted of a Fe–Cr-rich matrix and several kinds of borides. The Fe–Cr-rich matrix contained both amorphous phase and nanocrystalline grains with a size of 10–50 nm. The crystallization temperature of the amorphous phase was about 605 °C. The formation of the amorphous phase was attributed to the high cooling rates of molten droplets and the proper powder compositions by effective addition of Cr, Mn, Si and B. The nanocrystalline grains could result from crystallization in amorphous region or interface of the amorphous phase and borides by homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation.     

水面舰艇编队系统对空作战能力研究

根据现代防空系统的特点，提出了水面舰艇编队区域防空系统效能评价的指标体系，分析了指标的相关因素，运用指数法建立了防空系统效能分指标（预警探测能力指数、拦截打击能力指数、指挥控制能力指数、电子战能力指数）以及效能综合指标的求取模型．     

Phase formation and modification of corrosion property of nitrogen implanted Ti-Al-V alloy

In the present investigation, polished samples were implanted with nitrogen ion at an energy of 60 keV and implantation doses were 1×10¹⁶, 5×10¹⁶, 1×10¹⁷ and 6×10¹⁷ ions/cm². Glancing incidence X-ray diffraction was employed on the implanted specimens to understand the phases formed with increasing dose. The valence states of nitrogen, titanium and carbon on the sample surfaces were analyzed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance was examined by the electrochemical methods in a solution with pH=10 at room temperature in order to determine the optimum dose that can give good corrosion resistance in a simulated nuclear reactor condition. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the topographies of nitrogen-implanted Ti-Al-Zr after potentiodynamic measurement. It was found that implanted nitrogen dissolved in titanium matrix with increasing dose and the resultant nitrides such as TiN and Ti₂N precipitated. Implantation of nitrogen ions into the surface of Ti-Al-V alloy improves its corrosion resistance, and the increase of the corrosion resistance depends on the nitrogen dose employed; the maximum improvement of the corrosion resistance was observed at a dose of 1×10¹⁷ N⁺/cm².     

水滑石形成机理与形貌控制的研究现状

综述了水滑石生长机理研究的几种典型理论和影响水滑石形貌、尺寸和结构控制的因素,重点介绍了不同制备方法对形貌特征的影响。     

四川盆地资阳地区震旦系灯影组油气成藏条件分析

近年来在灯影组地层中的重大突破，为四川盆地在老地层中天然气的勘探展示了良好前景。它们具有层系多、分布广泛、构造单元复杂的特点，在同一油气系统的不同气藏之间常具有一定分布范围和内在联系，在区域上构成一个独立的油气区。影响和控制盆地内形成一个油气区的主要因素是岩相和构造演化条件。文中重点考虑了古今构造、沉积相、储层特征和气井的开发效应等因素，综合分析了川西南部资阳地区气藏成藏条件。     

Formation of CaO-TiO2-MgO-Al2O3 dual phase inclusion in Ti stabilized stainless steel

The formation of CaO-TiO2-MgO-Al2O3 dual phase inclusion in 321 stainless steel was investigated in the laboratory. The result indicated that the condition for the formation of CaO-TiO2-MgO-Al2O3 in 321 steel is [Ca]〉0.001wt%, [Ti]〉0.1wt%, and [A1]〉0.01wt%. The mechanism is the following： Al2O3 inclusion turns into CaO-Al2O3 after Ca-Si wire is fed into the molten steel; [Mg] is then obtained by reducing MgO in slag or crucible wall by [Al] and [Ti]; finally CaO-Al2O3 inclusion is changed into CaO-TiO2-MgO-Al2O3 by the reaction with [Mg], [Ti], and [O] in the molten steel simultaneously.     

延性材料开裂机理及抗断设计

从特定的工程背景出发,结合经典力学和断裂力学对延性材料屈服和断裂解释的力学原理,通过对延性材料刻痕杆刻痕根部的断裂应力场分析,推导出了延性材料在应力三轴空间中微观裂纹的形成准则:σF=σY1-υ.随后,通过对比开孔铝合金方板的断裂试验和数值模拟结果,验证了该准则对于预测延性材料在应力三轴空间中微观裂纹的形成及宏观断裂具有较高的精度且略偏于保守.最后,给出了抗断设计建议、应用该准则时应注意的问题及进一步的研究工作.