电沉积法制备纳米晶材料

电沉积法是制备完全致密的纳米晶体材料最有前途的方法之一。本文综述了电沉积法制备纳米晶镍及其合金的研究现状及制备方法对纳米晶材料性质的影响。     

镁合金AZ51直接化学镀镍研究

采用沉积速率计算、镀镍形貌观察和腐蚀性能测试，研究了镀镍时间对镁合金AZ51直接化学镀镍的影响。结果表明，镁合金AZ51表面可通过直接化学镀镍形成镍磷合金镀层。随着镀镍时间的增加，沉积速率先增加后降低并在镀镍时间为0．5h时取得最大值，而腐蚀速率逐渐降低，腐蚀性能逐渐增强。     

Determination of phase equilibria in the Ni-Ta-Zr system at 1223 K

The phase equilibrium relations of the ternary Ni-Ta-Zr system at 1223 K were investigated by means of diffusion triple and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) techniques. Two ternary compounds were found and a series of tie lines and tie triangles have been determined. The maximum solubility of Ta in NiZr2 is about 13.5% (atom fraction). The corresponding tentative isothermal section at this temperature was constructed based on current experimental information.     

燃烧-电导法测定电解镍粉中的硫量

本文提出了铝箔-磷酸·硼酸混合液组成的除氯、除氟体系,有效地消除氟、氯等元素对硫的电导法测定的干扰;系统地研究了铝箔的用量、燃烧温度、燃烧时间、氧气流速对除氯、除氟和二氧化硫的析出及测定的影响。提出了采用燃烧-电导法测定电解镍粉中硫含量的最佳条件。本法测定含硫量为0.0020%的镍粉试样时,相对标准偏差为0.0002%,硫的回收率为98.38%,检测下限为0.0002%,该法操作简便,测量下限低,结果准确可靠,经济实用。     

高镍球铁的球化、孕育工艺的热分析

采用热分析的方法分析高镍球铁的球化、孕育效果及球化衰退过程中温度-时间曲线特征点的变化;对高镍球铁的球化衰退时间进行具体的试验分析.结合金相组织照片对石墨形态变化过程进行观察和验证.结果表明:MgNi球化剂球化效果良好,在4～6 min内浇注不会产生球化衰退.     

Influence of thermal exposure on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a superalloy

The effects of long-term aging on microstructures and their influence on tensile and stress-rupture behavior of a corrosion resistant nickel-base superalloy are investigated. Samples are aged isothermally at 1073, 1123, or 1173 K for different times of up to 10,000 h and mechanical tests are performed on samples in both standard heat treatment (SHT) and aged conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies reveal that the coarsening kinetics of γ′ follows a linear law at different temperatures with the calculated activation energy, i.e., 255 kJ/mol, for γ′ growth according to Lifshitz-Slyozof-Wagner (LSW) theory. After long-term aging for more than 1 khours, σ phase appears in the alloy. The kinetics of σ formation can be described by the Johnson-Avrime-Mehl equation. Tensile experiments at room temperature and 1173 K and endurance experiments at 1173 K/274 MPa are performed to test the effect of σ phases on these properties and no remarkable harmful effect is found. γ′ coarsening can be used to explain the reduction of yield stress, which is tested by the Labusch-Schwarz hardening theory. Although the presence of the σ phase clearly does affect the fracture process, the σ phase does not embrittle the alloy.     

Aniline hydrogenolysis on nickel: effects of surface hydrogen and surface structure

Fluorescence yield near-edge spectroscopy (FYNES) above the carbon K edge and temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS) have been used as the methods for characterizing the reactivity and structure of adsorbed aniline and aniline derived species on the Ni(100) and Ni(111) surfaces over an extended range of temperatures and hydrogen pressures. The Ni(100) surface shows appreciably higher hydrogenolysis activity towards adsorbed aniline than the Ni(111) surface. Hydrogenolysis of aniline on the Ni(100) surface results in benzene formation at 470 K, both in reactive hydrogen atmospheres and in vacuum. External hydrogen significantly enhances the hydrogenolysis activity for aniline on the Ni(100) surface. Based on spectroscopic evidence, we believe that the dominant aniline hydrogenolysis reaction is preceded by partial hydrogenation of the aromatic ring of aniline in the presence of 0.001 Torr of external hydrogen on the (100) surface. In contrast, very little adsorbed aniline undergoes hydrogen induced C-N bond activation on the Ni(111) surface for hydrogen pressures as high as 10^–7 Torr below 500 K. Thermal dehydrogenation of aniline dominates with increasing temperature on the Ni(111) surface, resulting in the formation of a previously observed polymeric layer which is stable up to 820 K. Aniline is adsorbed at a smaller angle relative to the Ni(111) surface than the Ni(100) surface at temperatures below the hydrogenolysis temperature. We believe that the proximity and strong -interaction between the aromatic ring of the aniline and the surface is one major factor which controls the competition between dehydrogenation and hydrogen addition. In this case the result is a substantial enhancement of aniline dehydrogenation relative to hydrogenation on the Ni(111) surface.     

碳包覆镍纳米胶囊/石蜡复合材料电磁波吸收机制

利用直流电弧等离子体法在甲烷气氛中制备碳包覆磁性镍纳米胶囊(Carbon-coated Ni nanocapsules,Ni(C)NCs),将它作为电磁波吸收剂,按照质量比10%、20%、30%和40%与有机石蜡基体复合,在0.1~18GHz范围内测定其复介电常数和复磁导率,并对其电磁波响应特性及吸收机制进行了研究。研究结果表明,Ni(C)纳米胶囊具有明显的极化损耗特征,其介电常数在低频范围内随频率提高而急剧衰减,而磁导率具有宽化的多重共振峰;随着Ni(C)纳米胶囊添加量的增加,其介电常数逐渐增加,其复磁导率实部和虚部分别在0.1~8GHz、0.1~10GHz出现增加,而在8~18GHz和10~18GHz范围内出现实部减小和虚部平缓变化的特征。根据极化、涡流以及反射损耗的理论分析,发现Ni(C)纳米胶囊以介电损耗为主,并对相关机制进行了探讨。     

金属薄膜屈服强度的鼓包法表征

本文采用鼓包法研究金属薄膜的屈服强度,对具有圆形自由窗口的镍薄膜一侧施加压力,薄膜受压变形的全场形貌用数字散斑相关法(DSCM)进行测量,并应用板壳理论分析小挠度变形下膜内应力分布情况。结果表明:圆形薄膜受压时首先从边缘开始屈服,从压力-挠度曲线偏离线性关系的临界点得到金属镍膜的屈服强度为467MPa,这和单轴拉伸法测量所得到的屈服强度值吻合较好。     

Characteristic study of N07718 superalloy surface prepared by cold spray

For better performance in erosive–corrosive, wear and other extreme environmental conditions surface properties of metals and alloys are usually altered by different techniques. Amongst the various surface coating techniques cold spraying is a relatively new and less reported method. Coating formation at energy lower than the melting stage of materials brings novelty to this process. In this study surface of UNS No. - N07718 alloy is altered by cold spraying chromium-carbide (nickel-chromium) layer. The microstructure properties of this cold sprayed surface are observed by various characterization techniques and the results are used to study mechanism of coating layer formation by cold spray process. This newly developed cold sprayed surface is found to be eligible for further testing in wear and erosive-corrosive environmental conditions.