超声波辅助下中低温化学镀镍工艺的研究

为降低化学镀镍的施镀温度,提高化学镀镍的沉积速度,将超声辐射引入化学镀镍工艺当中,对超声波辅助下的中低温化学镀镍工艺作了初步的探讨.着重考察了配体、稳定剂以及超声波对化学镀镍的影响.实验结果表明,超声波对化学镀镍沉积速度的作用与镀液中镍离子络合物的稳定常数(pK)有关,在温度为60℃的中低温条件下,以醋酸钠为配体的化学镀镍溶液中,超声波具有明显促进沉积速度的作用,但随着稳定常数的增大,超声波反而对沉积速度起抑制作用.     

二甲酚橙分光光度法测定化学镀镍液中的铅浓度

化学镀镍液中的镍离子对铅离子浓度测定的干扰较大。先将化学镀镍液中的铅离子与镍离子分离,再用二甲酚橙分光光度法测定镀镍液中铅的浓度。结果显示:当化学镀镍液中镍/铅浓度比120时,可以直接用分光光度法进行测定;当镍/铅浓度比120时,需先将镍离子与铅离子分离,再用分光光度法测定。该方法快速、简捷、误差小,是一种测定化学镀镍液中铅浓度的好方法。     

掺钛对氢化燃烧合成镁镍储氢合金的影响

借助于XRD、TG-DSC和SEM等技术研究了掺钛对氢化燃烧合成镁镍储氢合金的合成条件及合金性能的影响.结果表明:掺钛使Mg2NiH4的合成温度有一定的提高,600℃时才能大量生成Mg2NiH4;氢压的提高有利于Mg2NiH4的形成,而过高的合成温度和过长的保温时间将不利于Mg2NiH4的形成;钛的掺入使Mg2NiH4的晶胞有一定的增大;掺钛的Mg2NiH4放氢分解温度为259.8℃,比未掺钛的降低了120℃左右;掺钛试样的总放氢量为2.43%;掺钛试样在300℃、0.1MPa下的吸放氢时间为6min,活化可适当提高吸放氢量.     

Comparison of microstructures and tensile properties of pulse electrodeposited Ni on polycrystalline and amorphous substrates

Abstract

Ultrafine grained nickel (UFG Ni) and microcrystalline nickel (MC Ni) were fabricated on two types of substrates, i.e. the amorphous (Ni–P) and polycrystalline (stainless steel) substrates by pulse electrodeposition without additives. This study demonstrates that when inhibiting the epitaxial growth by first depositing a thin amorphous layer on the polycrystalline substrates, the grain size of the subsequent Ni deposit decreases dramatically from microscale to the UFG regime, which depends on the deposition conditions. Compared with MC Ni, which has an ultimate tensile strength σ_UTS of 397 MPa and an elongation to failure ε_TEF of 11·98%, UFG Ni with an average grain size of 120·72 nm exhibits an enhanced σ_UTS of 807 MPa and a comparable ε_TEF of 10·44%. The electrodeposited method used in this study provides an effective and low cost way to produce UFG materials with both high strength and ductility, which can meet the demands for practical application as structural materials.     

Effect of annealing on tensile properties of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni with broad grain size distribution

Abstract

The microstructures and tensile properties of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni (nc-Ni) with a broad grain size distribution after annealing at 150, 200 and 300°C for 500 s were investigated. The as deposited broad grain size distribution nc-Ni sample exhibited a moderate strength σ_UTS of ～1107 MPa but a markedly enhanced ductility ?_TEF of ～10%, compared with electrodeposited nc-Ni with a narrow grain size distribution. Annealing below 200°C increased the strength but caused a considerably reduction in tensile elongation. This behaviour is attributed to the grain boundary relaxation and the increased order of grain boundaries after annealing, which can make the grain boundary activities, such as the grain boundary sliding and grain rotations, more difficult. Further annealing at 300°C decreased both the yield strength and tensile elongation significantly due to significant grain growth.     

Coating of TiO2 nanoparticles with PbS thin films and preparation of PbS nanoparticles using a one-pot sonochemical reaction under the multibubble sonoluminescence conditions

Preparations of PbS-coated titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and lead sulfide (PbS) nanoparticles under ultrasonic field at the multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL) conditions were tested in water solutions. Under the optimal MBSL conditions (20 kHz and 220 W power input), PbS nanoparticles (diameter = 40-50 nm) were prepared by treating lead nitrate and thioacetamide for 20 min in water solutions. The size of PbS nanoparticles was found to be easily increased to about 90 nm in diameter by increasing the reactant concentration twice. A similar sonochemical reaction with TiO₂ nanoparticles (about 20-30 nm in diameter) gave rise to PbS-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles with a core/shell structure. The PbS thin film coating was quite uniform and the average coating depth of PbS on the TiO₂ nanoparticles was about 2-3 nm under the described conditions. It is interesting to note that the coating depth was found to be controlled to 2-10 nm range by increasing the amounts of reactants for Pb and S twice with a sonication time of 30 min.     

Nickel-free stainless steel avoids neointima formation following coronary stent implantation

Abstract

SUS316L stainless steel and cobalt–chromium and platinum–chromium alloys are widely used platforms for coronary stents. These alloys also contain nickel (Ni), which reportedly induces allergic reactions in some subjects and is known to have various cellular effects. The effects of Ni on neointima formation after stent implantation remain unknown, however. We developed coronary stents made of Ni-free high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel prepared using a N₂-gas pressurized electroslag remelting (P-ESR) process. Neointima formation and inflammatory responses following stent implantation in porcine coronary arteries were then compared between the Ni-free and SUS316L stainless steel stents. We found significantly less neointima formation and inflammation in arteries implanted with Ni-free stents, as compared to SUS316L stents. Notably, Ni²⁺ was eluted into the medium from SUS316L but not from Ni-free stainless steel. Mechanistically, Ni²⁺ increased levels of hypoxia inducible factor protein-1α (HIF-1α) and its target genes in cultured smooth muscle cells. HIF-1α and their target gene levels were also increased in the vascular wall at SUS316L stent sites but not at Ni-free stent sites. The Ni-free stainless steel coronary stent reduces neointima formation, in part by avoiding activation of inflammatory processes via the Ni-HIF pathway. The Ni-free-stainless steel stent is a promising new coronary stent platform.     

非晶Nd-Ni-B/NF稀土复合电极材料的制备及其析氢性能

本研究采用简单的一步化学沉积法制备非晶纳米Nd-Ni-B/NF稀土复合电极并研究其析氢(Hydrogen evolution reaction, HER)性能。通过各种测试方法对纳米电极材料进行物相分析和形貌表征,并探索其电催化析氢性能和稳定性。结果表明, 稀土Nd可提高电极的电催化析氢性能, 当硝酸钕浓度为3 g?L^-1时, 恒温35 ℃下施镀1 h, 制备的Nd-Ni-B/NF电极析氢性能最佳。Nd-Ni-B/NF(Nickel foam)电极在1.0 mol?L^-1KOH 溶液中, 20 mA?cm^-2电流密度下的析氢过电位仅为180 mV, Tafel斜率为117 mV?dec^-1, 析氢反应由Volmer-Heyrovsky步骤控制。此外, Nd-Ni-B/NF电极具有优越的电化学稳定性, 在持续电解12 h或2000次循环伏安测试后, 催化剂的活性没有明显衰减。     

Selective Recovery of Cadmium,Cobalt, and Nickel from Spent Ni–Cd Batteries Using Adogen® 464 and Mesoporous Silica Derivatives

Spent Ni–Cd batteries are now considered an important source for many valuable metals. The recovery of cadmium, cobalt, and nickel from spent Ni–Cd Batteries has been performed in this study. The optimum leaching process was achieved using 20% H₂SO₄, solid/liquid (S/L) 1/5 at 80 °C for 6 h. The leaching efficiency of Fe, Cd, and Co was nearly 100%, whereas the leaching efficiency of Ni was 95%. The recovery of the concerned elements was attained using successive different separation techniques. Cd(II) ions were extracted by a solvent, namely, Adogen^® 464, and precipitated as CdS with 0.5% Na₂S solution at pH of 1.25 and room temperature. The extraction process corresponded to pseudo-2nd-order. The prepared PTU-MS silica was applied for adsorption of Co(II) ions from aqueous solution, while the desorption process was performed using 0.3 M H₂SO₄. Cobalt was precipitated at pH 9.0 as Co(OH)₂ using NH₄OH. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were also investigated. Nickel was directly precipitated at pH 8.25 using a 10% NaOH solution at ambient temperature. FTIR, SEM, and EDX confirm the structure of the products.