PTFE中空纤维膜萃取烟酸工艺研究

以氢氧化钠溶液为萃取剂,采用PTFE中空纤维膜萃取料液中的烟酸,考察了料液相烟酸的初始浓度、料液相初始pH值、料液相与萃取相流量比、萃取剂的初始浓度对烟酸萃取率(η)的影响。结果表明,随着料液初始浓度增大,η增大,当烟酸浓度0.9 g/L时,η减小,但膜通量基本不变,即存在一个最大膜通量,此时烟酸浓度变化对传质无影响;烟酸料液存在一个最佳pH值为4~5;萃取相氢氧化钠浓度增大,η增大;存在一个最佳相流量比(Q料/Q萃)为2.1;温度升高有利于膜萃取。     

The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Ligands in Cardiovascular Disease

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family and its ligands serve as a switchboard for the regulation of multiple cellular processes. While it is clear that EGFR activity is essential for normal cardiac development, its function in the vasculature and its role in cardiovascular disease are only beginning to be elucidated. In the blood vessel, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells are both a source and a target of EGF-like ligands. Activation of EGFR has been implicated in blood pressure regulation, endothelial dysfunction, neointimal hyperplasia, atherogenesis, and cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, increased circulating EGF-like ligands may mediate accelerated vascular disease associated with chronic inflammation. Although EGFR inhibitors are currently being used clinically for the treatment of cancer, additional studies are necessary to determine whether abrogation of EGFR signaling is a potential strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.     

固定化Gibberella intermedia转化3-氰基吡啶制备烟酸

研究不同复合包埋材料对含腈水解酶的Gibberella intermedia CA3-1进行固定化,选择出最为适合的壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇作为复合包埋材料,其优化后的浓度分别为1.6%和2%。实验结果表明该固定化细胞的最适转化条件为：3-氰基吡啶初始浓度300mmol/L,转化温度30℃,pH值7.0,转化时间60min。固定化细胞可以稳定进行26个批次转化,每克干细胞可转化产生283.5g烟酸,为游离细胞的3倍。此外,固定化细胞对高浓度3-氰基吡啶的耐受性大幅提高,温度稳定性有一定增强。连续补料19次,固定化细胞酶活保留约30%,经折算产率为每克干细胞转化生成191.3g烟酸。     

不同介质中活性炭吸附与缓释烟酸的研究

研究了活性炭吸附烟酸并在不同介质（蒸馏水、人工胃液、人工肠液）中对烟酸的释放。人工胃液对烟酸的释放有很强的促进作用,累计释放百分率是三种介质中最高的,达到76．36％,并对其原因进行了初步探讨。数学模拟的结果表明,活性炭在三种介质中释放烟酸过程120min前均符合Higuchi模型,整个释放过程符合药物体外释放一级动力学模型。     

异羟肟酸型配位体对TBP萃取钚行为的影响研究

为有效地去除铀产品中的钚,以乙异羟肟酸和丙异羟肟酸为无盐配位体,用单级萃取分配法,对ＴＢＰ萃取Ｐｕ（Ⅳ）行为进行了研究。探讨了时间、酸度、配位体浓度、相比、温度、磷酸二丁酯（ＨＤＢＰ）浓度、Ｐｕ价态等因素对分配比Ｄ的影响。研究结果表明,异羟肟酸型配位体对Ｐｕ（Ⅳ）有很好的配位效果。     

配体中配位原子部分电荷和电负性的研究

应用电负性相等原理,提出了计算配体中各原子部分电荷和电负性的简便近似的方法,计算了54种配体。根据计算结果,应用电中性原理讨论了配位原子的条件,CO,P(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅲ)化合物的配位原子的情况,以及SCN~-等的键合异构现象。     

An unprecedented bonding mode for potassium within a PCP-pincer palladium hydride–K-Selectride complex

The reaction of (PCP)^i-PrPdCl and the commonly-used reductant K-Selectride^® solution [K(sec-Bu₃BH) in THF] does not yield a simple (PCP)^i-PrPdH species, but rather an adduct of the Pd–H that contains bound K(sec-Bu₃BH). This adduct has been characterized by X-ray crystallography and shown to be a centrosymmetric dimer in the solid state. The most unique feature of the structure is that the tri-coordinate K⁺ ion bonds only to the terminal palladium hydride and the two bridging boron hydrides. Despite being prepared in THF, no other donor ligands are bound to K⁺. This [H₃K]⁺ bonding mode for K⁺ ions has not been previously reported.     

Copper‐Catalyzed or ‐Mediated C?H Bond Functionalizations Assisted by Bidentate Directing Groups

Copper salts, which are abundant, relatively inexpensive and possess low toxicity, have long been used as versatile catalysts for various reactions in organic synthesis. Recently, the development of Cu‐catalyzed or ‐mediated C H functionalization reactions has gained significant attention. Since the pioneering work of Daugulis on the introduction of 8‐aminoquinoline and picolinic acid auxiliaries as removable directing groups in transition metal‐catalyzed C H bond activations, the combination of copper salts with these bidentate directing groups has emerged as an innovative strategy for the construction of carbon‐carbon or carbon‐heteroatom bonds through C H bond cleavage. In addition to the 8‐aminoquinoline and picolinamide systems, several other bidentate directing groups including the 2‐aminophenyloxazoline group by Yu and Dai and the PIP system by Shi, have been developed as well. This review intends to cover most of the recent advances on copper‐catalyzed or ‐mediated direct sp² and sp³ C H bond functionalizations assisted by these bidentate directing groups. The major achievements in this area are discussed and catalogued by the type of bonds formed (C C, C O, C N, C S, C P etc.). Special attention is paid to the reaction mechanisms. Selected examples of substrates are listed as well. In addition, a personal outlook is given at the end.

     

Simple N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes as Ligands in Ullmann‐Type Ether and Thioether Formations

A simple N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) derived from 1‐methyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate was found to be an efficient ligand for a range of copper‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions, leading to the formation of aromatic ethers and thioethers.