Evaluation of the impact of bioaugmentation and biostimulation by in situ hybridization and microelectrode

Three rotating disk biofilm reactors were operated to evaluate whether bioaugmentation and biostimulation can be used to improve the start-up of microbial nitrification. The first reactor was bioaugmented during start-up period with an enrichment culture of nitrifying bacteria, the second reactor received a synthetic medium containing NH(4)(+) and NO(2)(-) to facilitate concomitant proliferation of ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, and the third reactor was used as a control. To evaluate the effectiveness of bioaugmentation and biostimulation approaches, time-dependent developments of nitrifying bacterial community and in situ nitrifying activity in biofilms were monitored by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique and microelectrode measurements of NH(4)(+), NO(2)(-), NO(3)(-), and O(2). In situ hybridization results revealed that addition of the enrichment culture of nitrifying bacteria significantly facilitated development of dense nitrifying bacterial populations in the biofilm shortly after, which led to a rapid start-up and enhancement of in situ nitrification activity. The inoculated bacteria could proliferate and/or survive in the biofilm. In addition, the addition of nitrifying bacteria increased the abundance of nitrifying bacteria in the surface of the biofilm, resulting in the higher nitrification rate. On the other hand, the addition of 2.1mM NO(2)(-) did not stimulate the growth of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and did inhibit the proliferation of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria instead. Thus, the start-up of NO(2)(-) oxidation was unchanged, and the start-up of NH(4)(+) oxidation was delayed. In all the three biofilm reactors, data sets of time series analyses on population dynamics of nitrifying bacteria determined by FISH, in situ nitrifying activities determined by microelectrode measurements, and the reactor performances revealed an approximate agreement between the appearance of nitrifying bacteria and the initiation of nitrification activity, suggesting that the combination of these techniques was a very powerful monitoring tool to evaluate the effectiveness of bioaugmentation and biostimulation strategies.     

应用实时控制实现和稳定短程硝化反硝化

以实际豆制品生产废水为处理对象,采用SBR反应器研究了过度曝气(曝气时间过长)对短程硝化的影响,在此基础上提出了应用实时控制技术在常温、正常溶解氧和中性pH值时实现和稳定短程硝化的新方法。试验结果表明,在反应器温度为(28±0.5)℃、过度曝气12周期后,硝化类型就由亚硝酸盐积累率为96%的短程硝化转变为亚硝酸盐积累率为39%的全程硝化;而应用实时控制策略在反应器温度为(27±0.5)℃和(25±0.5)℃时可较好地维持短程硝化反硝化,且经过两个月的运行硝化类型也没有改变,亚硝酸盐积累率仍然保持在96%以上。因此可以得出,好氧反应时间的控制在亚硝化阶段基本结束时是维持并稳定短程硝化的关键。实际上,即使在能充分实现短程硝化的条件下,过度曝气也能使短程硝化向全程硝化转化。     

小氮肥企业高氨氮废水处理的试验研究

针对小氮肥厂生产废水的排放现状及其对城市污水处理厂的影响 ,在试验的基础上提出了处理高含氨氮废水的空气吹脱—好氧硝化处理工艺 .空气吹脱可有效地去除解吸液中的氨氮 ,氨氮浓度由 1869.3mg/L降至 40 8.3mg/L ,去除率为 78% ;好氧生物硝化可有效地去除混合生产废水中的氨氮 ,氨氮浓度由 2 41mg/L降低为 2 3 .2mg/L ,去除率达 90 % ,达到国家二级排放标准     

附着生长系统中短程反硝化试验研究

结合现有的关于短程反硝化的理论,通过膜法A/O工艺试验,探讨了在附着生长系统中实现短程反硝化的可能性。     

SBR法短程硝化过程的氮平衡分析

采用SBR工艺处理生活污水,考察了短程硝化过程中可能存在的氮转化途径。结果表明,短程硝化过程中有52.6%的氨氮以非亚硝化的形式离开了反应系统,即存在52.6%的氮损失。其中,生成中间产物N2O、微生物合成作用以及同步硝化反硝化作用引起的氮损失分别占整体氮损失的15.5%、13.5%和71%。游离氨吹脱不是造成试验系统氮损失的原因。微生物种类、进水水质、环境条件和操作条件是影响氮转化途径的主要因素。     

冬季活性炭层上微生物的硝化性能研究

为解析工艺运行过程中氨氧化能力和硝化能力变化的原因,研究了冬季活性炭层上微生物的硝化性能。结果表明,在冬季,当有机碳浓度不高、溶解氧充足时,活性炭层对氨氮的去除率达到34%,0.3、0.8、1.3、1.6 m处(自上而下)的炭层对氨氮的平均去除率分别为5.2%、8.3%、11.5%、8.8%。不同活性炭层上的生物量差别不是太大,均值为17.1×108个E.coli/g活性炭。亚硝化菌、硝化菌占细菌总数的比例较大,已成为优势种群。     

焦化废水生物脱氮工艺

根据焦化废水治理技术的工程实践,介绍了焦化废水生物脱氮处理系统开工调试中污泥培养驯化的一些控制方法,并讨论了影响硝化和反硝化反应的因素,总结了焦化废水调试和运行的经验。