包裹型缓释/控制释放肥料专题报告

阐述了包膜肥料、包裹肥料、涂层肥料、缓释肥料、控制释放肥料以及肥效调节肥料在概念上的区别 ,并讨论了以水中氮溶出率测定缓释氮肥释放期不能反映缓释氮肥的实际肥效期。根据分析肥料—土壤—作物的相互关系以及多年在美国草坪上施 LUXACOTE的观察 ,提出了评判缓释性能的新标准。     

Nitrification of fertilizer wastewaters in a biofilm reactor

The nitrification characteristics of fertilizer wastes were investigated in a biofilm system using a submerged aerated filter. The attachment of biomass on packing media was studied. Supplement of organic carbon in the form of glucose and yeast extract enhanced biofilm formation although the nitrifiers did not require organic carbon for growth. After an attachment period, continuous operation of the reactor at different loading rates and dissolved oxygen levels was investigated. The maximum achievable nitrification rate was strongly dependent on the dissolved oxygen. In the dissolved oxygen range of 3·2–3·5 mg dm⁻³, the maximum ammonia removal rate was about 0·17 kg NH₄ N m⁻³ day⁻¹. When the dissolved oxygen was increased to 4·9 mg dm⁻³, removal rates as high as 0·41 kg NH₄ N m⁻³ day⁻¹ could be obtained. Nitrite accumulation depended on the bulk nitrogen and dissolved oxygen concentrations.     

煅烧钾长石生产硅钙钾肥的矿物组成研究

采用钾长石矿和石灰石为原料,在1180 ～1400℃温度范围内烧结制备硅钙钾肥.研究了烧结温度和生料配比对熟料矿物及其演化的影响,以及熟料矿物存在形式与有效营养元素含量之间的关系.结果显示,钾霞石、假硅灰石、钙铝黄长石等是硅钙钾肥中比较理想的熟料矿物;提高烧结温度有利于得到有效K2O含量和有效SiO2含量高的硅钙钾肥.提出了硅钙钾肥配料的反应方程式,对获得有效K2O含量高的硅钙钾肥,提高钾长石钾转化率,避免施肥造成农田板结等方面具有指导意义.     

园林绿化废弃物在污泥好氧发酵上的应用

园林绿化废弃物是一种绿色废弃物,由于其组成及结构的特殊性,园林绿化废弃物是作为污泥好氧发酵的良好结构剂调理剂,有着一定的优缺点,能够很好地提高堆肥效率。同时经过二次发酵堆肥腐熟后的物料,其品质优良,是作为生产有机肥的良好原材料,能够更好地提高作物产量与品质。     

Thermodynamics of metal reactants for ammonia synthesis from steam,nitrogen and biomass at atmospheric pressure

Catalytic ammonia synthesis at approximately 30 MPa and 800 K consumes about 5% of the global annual natural gas production causing significant CO₂ emissions. A conceptual solar thermochemical reaction cycle to produce NH₃ at near atmospheric pressure without natural gas is explored here and compared to solar thermochemical steam/air reforming to provide H₂ used in the Haber‐Bosch process for NH₃ synthesis. Mapping of Gibbs free energy planes quantifies the tradeoff between the yield of N₂ reduction via metal nitridation, and NH₃ liberation via steam hydrolysis vs. the temperatures required for reactant recovery from undesirably stable metal oxides. Equilibrium composition simulations suggest that reactants combining an ionic nitride‐forming element (e.g., Mg or Ce) with a transition metal (e.g., MgCr₂O₄, MgFe₂O₄, or MgMoO₄) may enable the concept near 0.1 MPa (at maximum 64 mol % yield of Mg₃N₂ through nitridation of MgFe₂O₄ at 1,300 K, and 72 mol % of the nitrogen in Mg₃N₂ as NH₃ during hydrolysis at 500 K). © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 3203–3213, 2012     

以紫茎泽兰沼渣制作腐殖酸肥料的实验研究

以制作农残降解剂后紫茎泽兰的残渣残叶为原料,通过对其进行不同TS浓度的发酵实验,探究其适用于发酵的最佳浓度;并对发酵后沼渣的氮、磷、钾、腐殖酸等成分进行测定。结果表明,TS浓度为11.25%时产气较多;残渣腐殖酸含量与市场腐殖酸复合肥相近,但氮、钾元素相比含量较少。该实验可以为资源化利用紫茎泽兰、制作新型腐殖酸肥料提供参考依据。     

塔式熔体复合肥造粒工艺物料泵送方案设想和探讨

阐述塔式熔体复合肥造粒工艺在塔顶完成的制浆和造粒工序所存在的问题.设想并介绍采用塔下制浆,然后用液下泵通过管道输送至塔上进行喷淋造粒的方案.     

水溶肥发展现状及市场前景

水溶肥是近年来在国内发展起来的一种可以完全溶于水的新型肥料,通过地埋或滴灌来完成施肥,具有肥效显著、省工省肥、增产增效等特点,被誉为中国化肥产业和有机、生态、高效农业发展的新方向。目前国内水溶肥行业进入加速成长期,其发展前景十分广阔。介绍了水溶肥的性能特点、制取工艺、生产现状及市场前景,并对国内今后水溶肥产业的发展提出了一些建议。     

两种不同包膜材料控释肥料在玉米上的增产效果

采用田间试验研究了硫黄加树脂包膜尿素(SPCU)、树脂包膜尿素(PCU)在玉米上的施用效果。结果表明:氮素同等用量时控释尿素增产效果显著,分别比相对应的等氮量普通尿素(PU100%)增产7.3%、5.9%,N用量减少30%的SPCU70%、PCU70%处理产量分别比相对应的等氮量普通尿素(PU70%处理)增产10.2%、9.1%;控释尿素氮素用量比普通尿素氮素用量减少30%,不影响夏玉米产量。     

利用汽提技术回收硝酸磷肥装置工艺冷凝液中的氨

为了降低硝酸磷肥装置工艺冷凝液中的氨含量,采用汽提技术回收工艺冷凝液中的氨,介绍冷凝液系统改造情况及实施效果。年回收氨达3 452 t,产生效益140.2万元,同时减少了环境污染。