川芎嗪预处理对大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注损伤后视网膜电流图的影响

目的:观察川芎嗪预处理对大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注损伤后视网膜电流图的影响.方法:采用前房灌注法建立大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注损伤模型,设置正常组、缺血再灌注组、5min缺血预适应组、川芎嗪预处理组,分别于缺血前,缺血30min时,再灌注1h,12h,24h,72h,168h检测双眼各时期FERGb波及OPs(O2)波波幅,分别计...     

532nm激光照射后的兔视网膜损伤修复

目的:观察532nm激光照射后的兔视网膜损伤和修复。方法:采用(光斑直径约为2mm、照射时间100s、能量密度200J/cm2、532nm)激光照射家兔视网膜后极部,连续观察1d、3d、7d、14d和28d后眼底及组织学改变。结果:照后1d可见明显水肿及出血。3d后凝固斑边界清晰,出血范围扩大,可见脉络膜成纤维细胞开始增生。14d后渗出和出血大部分吸收。28d后大量纤维组织增生及新生血管形成。结论:该照射剂量可以引起家兔视网膜较为严重的损伤,其修复存在一定的规律性。     

VEGF165基因修饰的神经干细胞对脑外伤大鼠的神经保护作用及机制

目的：探讨移植转染pDsVEGF165Redl-N1质粒的神经干细胞对脑外伤大鼠的神经保护作用及机制。方法：由新生大鼠脑组织分离培养神经干细胞,应用Lipofectamine2000介导pDsVEGF16sRed1-N1质粒转染神经干细胞;分别将PBS（A组）、神经干细胞（B组）、转基因神经干细胞（C组）移植到脑外伤大鼠局部损伤灶边缘;利用ELISA法检测转基因细胞在体内的表达情况,以免疫组化检测移植后局部损伤组织中微血管密度变化,通过NSS评分评价移植后大鼠神经功能的变化。结果：转基因细胞移植后在一定时间内持续表达VEGFl65,C组大鼠NSS评分从移植后第3天开始明显低于A组（P〈0．05）,而B组大鼠NSS评分则从移植后第7天开始明显低于A组（P〈0．05）,C组大鼠微血管密度从移植后第7天开始明显高于其他两组（P〈0．01）。结论：转基因神经干细胞表达的VEGF165既可以通过促进微血管再生和改善微循环发挥保护作用又可以直接作用于神经细胞发挥保护作用。     

鱼友型水轮机研究进展及建议

鱼友型水轮机的研究旨在保证水轮机水力性能的前提下提高过机鱼的存活率。某些发达国家已投入一定的人力和财力进行了鱼友型水轮机的研究,取得了不少成果,部分成果已应用到水电站,而我国在该领域的研究还处于空白。本文对过机鱼损伤机理、鱼友型水轮机设计及水轮机过鱼试验等成果进行全面的归纳和总结,并对鱼友型水轮机的研究方向提出建议。     

The Ameliorative Effect of Dexamethasone on the Development of Autoimmune Lung Injury and Mediastinal Fat-Associated Lymphoid Clusters in an Autoimmune Disease Mouse Model

In our previous study, we revealed the ameliorative therapeutic effect of dexamethasone (Dex) for Lupus nephritis lesions in the MRL/MpJ-Fas ^lpr/lpr (Lpr) mouse model. The female Lpr mice developed a greater number of mediastinal fat-associated lymphoid clusters (MFALCs) and inflammatory lung lesions compared to the male mice. However, the effect of Dex, an immunosuppressive drug, on both lung lesions and the development of MFALCs in Lpr mice has not been identified yet. Therefore, in this study, we compared the development of lung lesions and MFALCs in female Lpr mice that received either saline (saline group “SG”) or dexamethasone (dexamethasone group “DG”) in drinking water as a daily dose along with weekly intraperitoneal injections for 10 weeks. Compared to the SG group, the DG group showed a significant reduction in the levels of serum anti-dsDNA antibodies, the size of MFALCs, the degree of lung injury, the area of high endothelial venules (HEVs), and the number of proliferating and immune cells in both MFALCs and the lungs. A significant positive correlation was observed between the size of MFALCs and the cellular aggregation in the lungs of Lpr mice. Therefore, this study confirmed the ameliorative effect of Dex on the development of lung injury and MFALCs via their regressive effect on both immune cells’ proliferative activity and the development of HEVs. Furthermore, the reprogramming of MFALCs by targeting immune cells and HEVs may provide a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune-disease-associated lung injury.     

Vehicle mass and injury risk in two-car crashes: A novel methodology

This paper introduces a novel methodology based on disaggregate analysis of two-car crash data to estimate the partial effects of mass, through the velocity change, on absolute driver injury risk in each of the vehicles involved in the crash when absolute injury risk is defined as the probability of injury when the vehicle is involved in a two-car crash. The novel aspect of the introduced methodology is in providing a solution to the issue of lack of data on the speed of vehicles prior to the crash, which is required to calculate the velocity change, as well as a solution to the issue of lack of information on non-injury two-car crashes in national accident data. These issues have often led to focussing on relative measures of injury risk that are not independent of risk in the colliding cars. Furthermore, the introduced methodology is used to investigate whether there is any effect of vehicle size above and beyond that of mass ratio, and whether there are any effects associated with the gender and age of the drivers. The methodology was used to analyse two-car crashes to investigate the partial effects of vehicle mass and size on absolute driver injury risk. The results confirmed that in a two-car collision, vehicle mass has a protective effect on its own driver injury risk and an aggressive effect on the driver injury risk of the colliding vehicle. The results also confirmed that there is a protective effect of vehicle size above and beyond that of vehicle mass for frontal and front to side collisions.     

Life satisfaction and self-reported problems after spinal cord injury: Measurement of underlying dimensions.

Objective: Evaluate the utility of the current 7-scale structure of the Life Situation Questionnaire—Revised (LSQ–R) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and explore the factor structure of each set of items. Design: Adults (N = 1,543) with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) were administered the 20 satisfaction and 30 problems items from the LSQ–R. Results: CFA suggests that the existing 7-scale structure across the 50 items was within the acceptable range (root-mean-square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.078), although it fell just outside of this range for women. Factor analysis revealed 3 satisfaction factors and 6 problems factors. The overall fit of the problems items (RMSEA = 0.070) was superior to that of the satisfaction items (RMSEA = 0.80). RMSEA fell just outside of the acceptable range for Whites and men on the satisfaction scales. All scales had acceptable internal consistency. Conclusion: Results suggest the original scoring of the LSQ–R remains viable, although individual results should be reviewed for special population. Factor analysis of subsets of items allows satisfaction and problems items to be used independently, depending on the study purpose. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of osteoporosis on AIS 3+ injury risk in motor-vehicle crashes

Older occupants in motor-vehicle crashes are more likely to experience injury than younger occupants. One possible reason for this is that increasing age is associated with increased prevalence of osteoporosis, which decreases bone strength.Crash-injury data were used with Bayes’ Theorem to estimate the conditional probability of AIS 3+ skeletal injury given that an occupant is osteoporotic for the injury to the head, spine, thorax, lower extremities, and upper extremities. This requires the conditional probabilities of osteoporosis given AIS 3+ injury for each of the body regions, which were determined from analysis of the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network database. It also requires information on probability of osteoporosis in the crash-involved population and the probabilities of AIS 3+ skeletal injury to different body regions in crashes. The latter probabilities were obtained from the National Automotive Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) database. The former was obtained by modeling the probability of osteoporosis in the US populations using data from the 2006 National Health Examination Nutrition Survey and applying this model to the estimate of the crash-involved population in NASS-CDS. To attempt to account for the effects of age on injury outcome that are independent of osteoporosis, only data from occupants who were 60 years of age or older were used in all analyses.Results indicate that the only body region that experiences a statistically significant change in fracture injury risk with osteoporosis is the spine, for which osteoporosis increases the risk of AIS 3+ fracture by 3.28 times, or from 0.41% to 1.34% (p < 0.0001). This finding suggests that the increase in AIS 3+ injury risk with age for non-spine injuries is likely influenced by factors other than osteoporosis.     

A biosocial developmental model of borderline personality: Elaborating and extending linehan’s theory.

Over the past several decades, research has focused increasingly on developmental precursors to psychological disorders that were previously assumed to emerge only in adulthood. This change in focus follows from the recognition that complex transactions between biological vulnerabilities and psychosocial risk factors shape emotional and behavioral development beginning at conception. To date, however, empirical research on the development of borderline personality is extremely limited. Indeed, in the decade since M. M. Linehan initially proposed a biosocial model of the development of borderline personality disorder, there have been few attempts to test the model among at-risk youth. In this review, diverse literatures are reviewed that can inform understanding of the ontogenesis of borderline pathology, and testable hypotheses are proposed to guide future research with at-risk children and adolescents. One probable pathway is identified that leads to borderline personality disorder; it begins with early vulnerability, expressed initially as impulsivity and followed by heightened emotional sensitivity. These vulnerabilities are potentiated across development by environmental risk factors that give rise to more extreme emotional, behavioral, and cognitive dysregulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pain, depression, and physical functioning following burn injury.

Objective: Little is known about how pain and depression after burn injury may influence long-term outcomes such as physical functioning. This prospective study examined associations between pain, depression, and physical functioning in a sample of burn injury survivors. Design and Participants: Questionnaires assessing pain, depression, and physical functioning were completed by 64 (52% of original sample) adult burn survivors shortly after discharge from burn care and at 1- and 2-year follow-ups. Results: Pain and physical functioning improved over the 2 years of the study, whereas depression levels were stable. Pain and depression were associated with poorer physical functioning over time, but associations varied according to the time span under consideration. Also, the association between pain and physical functioning was strongest among persons with higher depression scores. Conclusions: Pain and depression may contribute independently to compromises in physical functioning. The co-occurrence of pain and depression represents even greater risk for reduced physical functioning over time among burn survivors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)