第95百分位人体头部有限元模型的构建及分析

为了获得人体头部的损伤机理,构建了研究所需的有限元计算模型,研究了人体头部生物力学响应.通过第95百分位中国人头部的CT扫描图像提取相关头部结构,利用三维医学建模软件和逆向工程软件进行几何模型的重构,借助有限元前处理软件构建具有较高生物仿真度的人体头部有限元模型.最后,使用有限元分析软件对模型进行仿真计算,仿真数据合理解释了头部损伤机理.     

Numerical Study on Neck Injury Under Different Postures in Vehicle Side Impact

Neck injury is a severe problem in traffic accidents. While most studies are focused on the neck injury in rear and front impacts, few are conducted in side impact. This study focuses on the difference of neck injury under different postures and the difference of 7 cervical vertebras under the same posture using the method of prescribed structure motion(PSM). The analytical results show that the maximum changes of mean force and mean moment of 7 cervical vertebras under 8 different postures are 20% and 47% respectively. The variation of each cervical vertebra is different under different neck postures. Up cervical vertebras (C1-C4) and low cervical vertebras (C5-C7) suffer different forces and moments under the same neck posture. Generally speaking, No.6 (neck right leaning 40°) is the posture with lowest neck injury risk.     

Simulation of the Impact Between Head and Seat Head Restraint During REC Under Consideration of the Multiphase and Nonlinear Features

The impact process between car drivers head and seat head restraint during a car rear end collision is simulated, where the multiphase and nonlinear features of the human brain tissues and the foam material of the seat head restraint are considered. Using the FEM-software LS-DYNA, the brain tissue deformation caused by a car REC is calculated. The purpose of this work is to supply references for improving the design of the head protective devices. The results show that the maximum shear strain appears near the boundaries of different phases and there is a great shear strain gradient in the brain tissues.     

环境镉致肾损伤与槲皮素应用时间的研究

实验研究了镉致急性肾损伤及槲皮素对肾损伤的保护作用.将雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成对照组、镉组、槲皮素治疗组,分别对各组大鼠进行生理盐水注射、氯化镉注射、氯化镉注射加槲皮素灌胃,然后测定镉致肾损伤指标:尿蛋白含量、血尿素氮(BUN)、尿乙酰氨基葡糖苷酶(NAG)、尿γ-L-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、尿金属硫蛋白(UMT).研究结果表明:镉组与对照组相比,肾损伤指标含量显著增高;槲皮素治疗组与镉组相比,肾损伤指标含量显著降低,且随着应用槲皮素时间的增加,肾损伤指标含量逐渐恢复.因此,镉能够导致肾损伤,而槲皮素对镉致大鼠急性肾损伤具有保护作用,且其保护作用具有时间依赖性.     

工程车辆翻车时ROPS刚度、斜坡角度和安全带方式对人体损伤的影响

应用有限元与多刚体方法,针对某ZL50型装载机沿30°和45°斜坡翻车过程中司机动态响应进行仿真分析。以人体损伤为评价指标对比分析了不同的翻车保护结构(ROPS)刚度、斜坡角度以及安全带约束方式对司机损伤的影响。结果表明:在能够提供人体生存空间的前提下,ROPS刚度越小,人体受到的损伤越小;斜坡角度的变化影响人体损伤部位;4点式安全带能够有效降低人体头部损伤的几率;安全带形式对颈部损伤影响很小。     

增加电极位置信息的电子耳蜗听觉仿真模型

为了改进以正弦信号合成的电子耳蜗听觉仿真模型在仿真电子耳蜗植入患者所感知的语音信息的缺陷,建立了增加电极位置信息的正弦信号合成的听觉仿真模型.通过大样本量的不同汉语语言材料的听觉仿真实验,其中包括按元音、辅音、数字、音调和单字词等5种汉语语言材料,研究了基于连续交叉采样算法的不同实验条件下电极位置对言语识别率的影响,得出了汉语元音和单字词对植入深度更加敏感的结论.为进一步将这一仿真模型应用到电子耳蜗研究上奠定了基础.     

基于分布式结构的弹射生理损伤指标测试系统

为提升飞行员弹射救生系统试验中人体生理损伤指标的测试能力和测试可靠性,结合航空仿真试验假人的结构,提出了分布式测试系统的设计、配置方案,设计了系统触发及同步控制电路,试验结果表明,系统能够在不影响假人生物仿真性能的前提下,可靠实现弹射试验人体生理损伤指标的测试.     

基于LS-DYNA的橡皮碰击弹非致命效应仿真研究

为解决橡皮碰击弹对人体的非致命效应不确定的问题,依据防暴动能弹的致伤判据来确定橡皮碰击弹的基本尺寸,从理论和仿真实验的角度分析橡皮碰击弹的安全性及可靠性。采用八节点六面体单元SOLID164来模拟橡皮碰击弹和皮肤模型,橡皮碰击弹和皮肤的材料选用*MAT—PLASTIC—KINEMATIC,利用有限元软件LS-DYNA对人体的打击效果进行仿真。结果表明,橡皮碰击弹打击皮肤后由圆柱状体变为均匀的圆饼状并在相互接触的表面形成最大的应力分布;橡皮碰击弹以80m/s的初速作用于皮肤时,弹体在1ms内形变作用明显而且比动能未超过12.0J/cm2,皮肤表层未发生破裂和穿透现象且作用效果好。由此可知,橡皮碰击弹在对人体打击时安全性高、打击准确、作用效果明显,是一种安全有效的弹种。     

The effect of floor slope on sub-maximal lifting capacity and technique

Inclined surfaces, where both the lifter and load are on the slope, may be encountered in a jobsite situation. The purpose of this study was to determine if facing up or down a sloped surface (10 degrees and 20 degrees ) would affect maximal acceptable weights of lift (MAWL) using a 10 min psychophysical approach with symmetric freestyle technique at 4 lifts/min. Seventeen healthy men and 18 women determined floor to knuckle height MAWL while facing uphill, downhill, and on a level surface. Motion capture was also performed to examine sagittal plane joint angles and foot placement relative to a milk crate. Slope did not alter MAWL (p>0.05) with the men lifting more than the women in every condition (p<0.001) (25 kg vs. 15 kg, respectively). Foot placement relative to the box was altered by slope such that both horizontal position behind and vertical position below the box increased as slope changed from the downhill to uphill conditions (both p<0.001). Forward torso lean as well as hip, knee, and ankle (plantar) flexion generally decreased as slope changed from the downhill to uphill conditions (all p<0.001). Torso and knee motion appeared to be protected compared to the other joints, changing the least. Though trends were the same in both sexes, interactions did exist in vertical foot position and hip angle (both p0.001). In conclusion, the body is highly adaptive to floor slope, maintaining MAWL at least in the short term. However, while slight technique differences exist between men and women, care should be taken by all when facing uphill due to the tendency to stand further from the load horizontally and when facing downhill due to increased torso lean.     

Cell Development Enhanced Bionic Silk Hydrogel on Remodeling Immune Pathogenesis of Spinal Cord Injury via M2 Polarization of Microglial

Due to the complex spatial-temporal pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI), effective modulation of SCI-specific inflammatory pathogenesis to achieve desirable therapeutic effects on functional recovery still remains challenging. Herein, cell-enhanced photocrosslinked silk fibroin hydrogels with extracellular matrix-mimicking cues of mechanical properties and RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) signals are gelled in situ to fill the lesion site to modulate injury-induced neuroinflammation and promote neurite regrowth after SCI. The bionic hydrogel system provides biomimetic mechanical cues to promote neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) and neurite growth by activating YAP nuclear expression. Importantly, favored by the strong capacity of silk fibroin hydrogels on macrophage/microglia recruitment, NPCs encapsulated hydrogel (NPCs@SFRGD0.1) effectively promotes recruited macrophages/microglia to M2 polarization in the lesion site by releasing S100A4 and thereby remodels the inflammatory microenvironment after SCI. Moreover, NPCs@SFRGD0.1 successfully reduces glial scar formation and accelerates corticospinal tract axon regrowth to improve locomotor recovery. Overall, this work contributes to illustrating the therapeutic mechanism of NPCs development based biomaterial therapies on modulating inflammatory microenvironment and this NPCs enhanced silk fibroin hydrogel provides a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI.