空气源热泵应用范围北扩的可能性分析及其技术措施述评

系统地分析了空气源热泵在低温条件下制冷能力下降的原因，探讨了其应用范围北扩的可能性；综述了国内外在改善其低温制热性能方面所采取的技术措施。     

Urban sprawl in the Mediterranean?: Patterns of growth and change in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region 1993–2000

Debates on the urban form have become strongly polarized between the advocates and opponents of the compact and of the dispersed or “sprawled” city. In this paper we argue that this may be the result of an excessive concentration on the study of the American experience and the neglect of other urban contexts, and examine the recent process of urban growth against the background of urban compactness and extreme densification represented by the Barcelona Metropolitan Region (BMR). The comparison of two detailed land-cover maps of 1993 and 2000 shows a progressive transformation in the traditional urban character of the region. Lower urban densities, high losses of non-urban land covers, depopulation of the metropolitan inner core, an increasing importance of single housing or the expansion of transportation infrastructures confirm the generalization of the dispersed urban model. However, the presence of numerous medium sized towns has also proved to be a deterrent of excessive dispersion. In conclusion, polycentric metropolitan areas such as the BMR may be more adjusted to absorb the negative effects of dispersion than monocentric areas.     

(Re)Viewing Ethnic Residential Segregation in Southern European Cities: Housing and Urban Regimes as Mechanisms of Marginalisation

Housing and residential marginalisation in Southern European cities represents the most critical and controversial of urban conditions for the settlement and inclusion of immigrants. However, these issues are conspicuously under-researched in both the international and Southern European comparative literature. The complexity of ethnic housing hardship and segregation is often de-problematised and misleadingly attributed solely to market mechanisms or inevitable polarisation dynamics. This paper reviews the distinctive features of ethnic residential segregation within wider societal and urban contexts, drawing on an analysis of eight Mediterranean cities with a special focus on the role of housing systems and processes of ethnic and social differentiation. Problems and drivers are reconceptualised within an holistic, comparative framework. It is demonstrated that low levels of ethnic spatial segregation conceal a real problem of social residential marginalisation. This paradox predominantly originates from macro-scale mechanisms of differentiation rooted in the welfare redistributive arrangements and dualist housing systems. It is additionally reinforced by current urban renewal strategies.     

对陕北煤炭资源开发中存在问题的思考

分析了陕北煤炭资源开发的现状及存在问题，提出了加强政府引导和监督管理、利用经济手段促使矿山企业提高资源利用率、做好煤炭开发规划并制定相应政策、保证矿产开发与生态环境协调发展、重视水源保证、实行梯度勘查开发、通过市场机制进行资源配置等相应的对策措施。     

Can human rights law support access to communication technology? A case study under Article 10 of the right to receive information

In this article, the author identifies a potential model to prevent undemocratic interferences of uses of communication technology such as Internet and mobile. The model is based on two precedent-setting cases decided by the European Court of Human Rights to judge unjustified restrictions in technical means of transmission cases. While Autronic AG v. Switzerland stimulates the market to support innovation and dissemination of technology, Khurshid Mustafa and Tarzibachi v. Sweden support the adoption of that technology without unjustified restriction. The combination of these two judgments offers the following features: (1) both negative and positive obligations of protection; (2) a neutrality principle applied to both admissibility and to the merits of a case; and (3) a fairly strict balancing test. The author concludes by arguing that this model could be applicable to all communication technology.     

Multidimensional urban sprawl in Europe: A self-organizing map approach

The present paper addresses the issue of urban sprawl in Europe from a multidimensional point of view, identifying the most sprawled areas and characterizing them in terms of population size. The literature is reviewed to categorize and extract the most relevant six dimensions that define the concept and several indices are specified to implement them. These are then calculated for a sample of the main European cities that uses several sources to obtain the best possible dataset to measure urban sprawl. All this information is brought together using the self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm to be visualized and further studied, taking advantage of its properties as a data-reduction as well as a clustering technique. The analysis locates the hot-spots of urban sprawl in Europe in the centre of the continent, around Germany, and characterizes such urban areas as small, always half the size of the average city of the sample.     

Drivers of floristic change in large cities - A case study of Frankfurt/Main (Germany)

The main aim of the study is to reconstruct diversity of established vascular plants between 1800 and 2000 in today's area of Frankfurt/Main (Germany, Hesse) - using historical literature, herbarium vouchers, and a recent landscape survey - and to interpret changes (extinctions and gains) in the light of land use changes (drivers). Species numbers declined from 1800 (1232 species; 926 indigenous-228 archaeophytes-78 neophytes) to 1900 (1200 species; 871-219-110), and 2000 (1107 species; 698-166-252). The most important drivers for the loss of species (319 spp.) are use of fertilizers and herbicides, abandonment of wood pastures, abandonment and melioration of wet grassland. Most species gained (193 spp.) were intentionally introduced as ornamentals. Among the neophytes naturalized after 1800, short-living plants adapted to dry open habitats dominate. Plants using the C4 carbon fixation pathway (C4-plants) are predominantly neophytes. Drivers for the loss of species are general changes in land use. Nature conservation slackened the loss of species in the last decades; today about 3% of the vascular plants are conservation dependent. Comparatively high rates of short-living plants adapted to dry open habitats and C4-plants among neophytes indicate a warming of the climate. We expect a rising number of garden escapes. Furthermore, the flora will become more dependent on conservation measures. Remnants of now obsolete forms of land use like low nutrient grassland shall be integrated into parks and urban open spaces.     

冀北坳陷雾迷山组闪坡岭亚组地球化学特征及其环境意义

以雾迷山组闪坡岭亚组为代表,对采自雾迷山组闪坡岭亚组第七段和第八段剖面的36个样品进行相关系数分析,这些样品涵盖了研究区发育的4类岩性及3种沉积微相类型,较全面地反映了该区中元古代碳酸盐岩地层的地球化学特征及其所蕴含的环境意义。在对样品的测试结果进行分析的基础上,系统论述了碳酸盐岩中各氧化物含量之间以及氧化物与微量元素之间的相关关系:Al2O3同K2O、Fe2O3、TiO2呈明显的正相关;P2O5与K2O、Al2O3正相关,与SiO2弱负相关;Na2O与MgO呈负相关,与Sr、Ba呈弱正相关,与Ca呈不明显的正相关;Ba与Al2O3、Fe2O3、K2O、MnO2、TiO2呈正相关关系,而Sr只与CaO呈正相关;MnO与Fe2O3、Al2O3、K2O呈正相关。分析了各元素与沉积环境的关系,特别解释了由潮上带到潮下带,陆源组分的含量变化,Ca/Mg值、Sr含量(Sr/Ca)变化等异常现象,反映了研究区碳酸盐岩特殊的地化特征。     

移动：政务、商务与办公——来自欧盟、北欧国家的经验和对中国机遇的一些想法与建议

本文阐述北欧和欧盟有关移动政务、移动商务以及移动办公的一些主要趋势和调研结果并总结对中国以及北京提出的一些想法与建议。