产妇专用全能营养素对促进高龄产妇泌乳的研究

采用产妇专用全能营养素——特殊膳食用食品,对高龄产妇产后缺乳症状的缓解及恢复作用进行研究。研究选取80例符合筛选条件的产后缺乳产妇,根据产妇意愿按1∶1分为试验组、对照组。试验组口服产妇专用全能营养素,对照组不服用同类型产品。分别于入组前、出组后测母乳成分、婴儿体重、泌乳量,采用SPSS19.0及t检验进行数据分析。研究结果表明,试验组母乳蛋白质、脂肪、能量、矿物质较对照组增长率均超过20%,乳糖增长率试验组高于对照组,同时,试验组婴儿体重增长与对照组相比多增长了约252 g;产妇母乳量有明显提升。     

梨花营养成分及特性分析

目的分析评价梨花的营养成分。方法按照食品安全国家标准中测定营养成分的规定,测定梨花中的蛋白质、碳水化合物、矿物质、维生素等营养成分;利用乙醇回流提取, NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH显色法测定总黄酮含量;利用石油醚回流提取, Liebennann-Burchard显色法测定总甾体含量。结果梨花含有丰富的蛋白质、碳水化合物、矿物质、维生素等营养成分。尤其是矿物质K(151.97 mg/100 g)、VC(3.117 mg/100 g)、赖氨酸(130.45 mg/100 g)以及黄铜(1.055 g/100 g)和甾体类化合物(0.041 g/100 g)等生物活性物质含量较多。结论梨花是富含营养物质的理想天然保健食品。     

黑蒜加工过程中主要营养物质及抗氧化活性变化的研究

目的探究大蒜在发酵成为黑蒜过程中主要营养物质及抗氧化活性的变化。方法将新鲜大蒜置于高温密闭环境中发酵,定期测定蒜样的水分、还原糖、总酸、蛋白质及总酚的含量和抗氧化活性。结果在高温高湿条件下,随着发酵时间的延长,蒜瓣水分逐渐丧失,还原糖、总酸、蛋白质、总酚含量相对提高, 25 d时黑蒜的还原糖含量较鲜蒜增加12.19%,总酚含量提高6.7倍,蛋白质含量增加3.14 mg/g DW;抗氧化性能总体增加, DPPH清除能力提升了2.6倍。结论适宜的条件下发酵形成的黑蒜具有更高的营养价值和抗氧化活性。     

菲牛蛭营养成分分析与评价

通过对菲牛蛭营养成分进行测定,评价其营养价值。结果表明:菲牛蛭粗蛋白含量为16.7%、灰分为1.33%、粗脂肪为1.35%、水分含量为80.55%;菲牛蛭冻干粉17种氨基酸总量为66.09%,必需氨基酸含量为24.37%,非必需氨基酸含量为41.72%,药用氨基酸含量为43.44%;必需氨基酸/总氨基酸的值为36.87%,必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸的值为58.41%,药用氨基酸/总氨基酸的值为65.73%;氨基酸组成比例平衡、评分好、药用氨基酸丰富;菲牛蛭冻干粉中18种脂肪酸的总量为27.86 mg/g,必需脂肪酸为5.49 mg/g,饱和脂肪酸的为12.92 mg/g,不饱和脂肪酸为15.13 mg/g,不饱和脂肪酸占比高于50%,对心脑血管健康有积极意义。菲牛蛭冻干粉5种矿物元素总量为16.804 mg/g,镁、钙、铁、锌、铜含量分别为12.044、2.357、1.015、1.362、0.026 mg/g,含量丰富。菲牛蛭具有良好的营养保健价值。     

酪蛋白磷酸肽和维生素C联用对大鼠骨骼的影响

探讨酪蛋白磷酸肽和维生素C联合应用对大鼠骨密度的影响。方法 将Wistar雄性大鼠按体重随机分为5组,分别设立0.3、0.6、1.8 g/kg BW三个剂量组及碳酸钙对照组和低钙对照组。各组均饲喂低钙基础饲料,剂量组灌胃强化了酪蛋白磷酸肽和维生素C的高效补钙胶囊样品1次/d;碳酸钙对照组灌胃522.5 mg/kg BW碳酸钙(含钙量与1.8 g/kg BW剂量组相同)1次/d;低钙对照组以等体积的去离子水灌胃。连续给予3个月后测试增加骨密度等各项指标。结果 经口给予大鼠不同剂量的高效补钙胶囊,1.8 g/kg BW剂量组能明显提高大鼠的骨钙含量,增加股骨中点骨密度;0.6、1.8 g/kg BW剂量组能增加股骨远心端骨密度;且各组股骨重量不低于碳酸钙对照组。结论 酪蛋白磷酸肽和维生素C联合应用可有效增加大鼠的骨密度。     

桃汁贮藏期间的品质变化研究

为探讨桃汁贮藏期间品质的变化,将鲜桃汁灭菌后分别贮藏在4℃、25℃和37℃下,检测并分析桃汁贮藏期间的理化指标、营养成分和香气成分的变化。发现在4℃、25℃和37℃下,桃汁的褐变度分别增加了0.14、0.33和0.56;总糖分别降解了49.06%、53.59%和57.19%;维生素C分别降解了46.27%、43.05%和51.06%;蛋白质分别降解了31.82%、57.14%和64.00%;总酸含量变化很小。桃汁在贮藏过程中,贮藏温度和贮藏时间对褐变度、总糖、维生素C、蛋白质、总酚、果胶等含量的变化均有极显著影响(p0.01)。在对桃汁贮藏期间香气成分变化的研究中,共鉴定出35种香气成分。新鲜桃汁具有较好的香气,其特征香气十一烷-4-内酯达到1.25%,5-癸内酯达到4.45%。贮藏40 d后,4℃下鉴定出的香气成分占总质量分数的79.90%,25℃下鉴定出的香气成分占总质量分数的60.14%,37℃下鉴定出的香气成分占总质量分数的54.59%。因此,低温贮藏有助于桃汁品质地保持。     

Evaluation of the nutritional quality of four unexplored aquatic weeds from northeast India for the formulation of cost-effective fish feeds

A study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional potential of four commonly available, unexplored aquatic weeds namely, Salvinia cuculata, Trapa natans, Lemna minor and Ipomoea reptans from northeast India for ascertaining their suitability for utilization as supplementary fish feed with the aim to reduce the cost of commercial feeds. Results of proximate analysis showed that the crude protein content of the aquatic weeds ranged between 11.0% and 32.2% (w/w), whereas crude fibre and ash contents varied between 4.2% and 20% (w/w), and 13.3% and 31.2% (w/w), respectively. Protein to energy ratio (P/E) of these weeds ranged between 30.7 mg/kcal and 95.3 mg/kcal and the highest value was displayed by I. reptans. All these aquatic weeds contained high amounts of vitamins E and C and mineral elements required for the normal growth and development of fish.     

Waste Stabilization Ponds: A Viable Alternative for Small Community Treatment Systems

Waste stabilization ponds are widely used in many European countries, such as France and Germany, for the treatment of wastewater from mainly small communities. There would seem to be no reason why they should not also be a suitable treatment process for populations of under 2000 in the UK. The relative advantages and disadvantages of ponds are compared to other small community treatment systems, such as rotary biological contactors, biological filters and reed-bed systems, particularly in relation to effluent standards with respect to algae, nutrient removal and relative costs.     

Analysis of long-term and seasonal river water quality changes in Latvia

An analysis of long-term historical records of the concentrations of major ions, TDS and nutrients for 20 river sites in Latvia is reported. Periods of water quality observations ranged from 15 to 43 years. A study of the quarterly adjusted time series showed that characteristic features of the data are non-normal distributions, seasonality, serial correlation and presence of significant trends that are mostly positive. The application of state-of-the-art software, based on non-parametric statistics such as the Seasonal Kendall slope estimator and the Seasonal Hodges-Lehmann estimator, made it possible to investigate these water quality records more accurately than other methods allow.Typical seasonal variations and concentration-discharge relationships were analyzed for different constituents. It was shown that fertilizer application and marsh land reclamation can cause widespread and intensive river water quality changes. Concentration increases of as much as 5–10 times that of background values were detected for NO₃⁻, Cl⁻, Na⁺ + K⁺ and SO₄²⁻. The main water quality changes took place in the 1960s and the early 1970s when fertilizer applications and reclamation works increased. After that, concentration increases for constituents other than NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻ were statistically insignficiant. The significant increases for NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻ were probably due to the additional impact of increased atmospheric deposition. The results of long-term changes of river loads entering the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Riga from Latvian territory are examined.     

Water quality and diatom communities in two catalan rivers (N.E. Spain)

Benthic diatom assemblages have been used to evaluate the water quality of two rivers subjected to marked human influences. These rivers, the Llobregat and the Ter, are located in N.E. Spain, and supply water for industrial, agricultural and urban requirements of roughly three million people. The diatom communities in the headwaters are similar in both rivers (Achnanthes minutissima, Cymbella ventricosa, Gomphonema anguslatum). Species of Navicula, Nitzschia and Gomphonema develop in the middle reaches of both rivers when not disrupted by extraneous factors. In the river Ter significant pollution modifies this community and Nitzschia palea, Nitzschia gandersheimiensis and Gomphonema parvulum appear as the most tolerant species. In the Llobregat, the pollution from the salt mine operations also modifies the diatom assemblage and Nitzschia frustulum, Surirella ovata, Navicula atomus are the most abundant species. Reservoirs in the river Ter improve the quality of water and a community of Fragilaria sp. pl. becomes dominant downstream.