贸易争端背景下中国油料油脂产品进口格局变化及其应对策略

2019年5月美国宣布将中国价值2 000亿美元输美商品的进口关税从10%上调至25%,休战数月的中美贸易冲突再度重启,贸易政策的变动对中国油料及其加工产品的进口格局有着重要影响。分析了中美贸易争端下中国油料油脂产品进口格局的变动及对中国油料及其加工产品生产、贸易的影响,提出了对油料生产进行综合扶持、提高本土产品的自给率和市场竞争力,加强与新兴油料主产国合作、推动进口来源多元化,增强油料油脂产品风险管控能力和贸易调控能力、提高产业安全水平等建议。     

植物油料蛋白木材胶黏剂改性的研究进展

植物油料蛋白胶黏剂具有来源广泛、无毒、可再生及制备简单等优点,但胶接强度低、耐水性能差、易霉变等问题限制了其发展和应用。综述了近年来几种主要植物油料蛋白胶黏剂如大豆蛋白胶黏剂、花生蛋白胶黏剂、棉籽蛋白胶黏剂等在木材行业的研究和应用现状,重点阐述了提高植物油料蛋白胶黏剂耐水性能的改性方法,包括物理改性、变性剂改性、接枝改性、交联改性、仿生改性、酶改性、纳米材料改性、复合改性等,指出了植物油料蛋白胶黏剂存在的问题,并对未来发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

小桐子油粕提取物杀虫活性初步研究

采用盆栽喷雾接虫法、药膜法和点滴法对小桐子油粕粗提物的杀虫活性进行了初步研究。结果表明:小桐子石油醚浸膏EC和小桐子乙酸乙酯浸膏EC对小菜蛾3龄幼虫、豆蚜和甘蓝蚜虫均有一定的杀虫活性,其中小桐子乙酸乙酯浸膏EC对甘蓝蚜虫的72 h致死率达83.3%。     

Preparation and application of a flaxseed meal protein film containing lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) oil

Flaxseed meal protein (FMP) films were prepared, and their mechanical properties (tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (E) values), water vapour permeability, optical properties and thermogravimetric analysis were evaluated. Briefly, 5 g FMP, 2 g fructose and 0.03 g ferulic acid were required for the optimal preparation of an FMP film. The TS and E values of the FMP film were 13.12 MPa and 61.90%, respectively. Furthermore, different amounts of lemongrass oil (LE) were incorporated into the FMP film to prepare an antimicrobial film. Wrapping pen shell adductor muscle with the FMP film containing 1.0% LE reduced the counts of inoculated Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 compared with those in the control, after storage at 4 °C for 12 day. Consequently, packaging with FMP film containing 1.0% LE can be useful in improving the quality of pen shell adductor muscle during storage.     

亲水作用色谱串联质谱结合反相色谱串联质谱的油料磷脂轮廓分析

采用超高效液相色谱串联四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)技术,建立了一种亲水作用色谱(HILIC)和反相色谱(RPLC)结合的磷脂轮廓分析方法,并对8种植物油料的磷脂分子种(PE、PC、PI、LPE、LPC)进行了系统分析。结果表明:8种油料的PC和PE分子种组成基本相似; PI和LPC、LPE分子种组成差异显著,油菜籽、长柄扁桃仁和美藤果仁的PI含量均高于大豆,油菜籽中PI组成以16∶0-18∶2和18∶1-18∶2为主,长柄扁桃仁的PI以16∶0-18∶1为主,美藤果仁的PI以16∶0-18∶2和18∶2-18∶2为主。棉籽和亚麻籽的溶血磷脂含量较高,其中棉籽溶血磷脂的脂肪酸组成以亚油酸为主,亚麻籽中则以油酸为主。该检测方法快速、灵敏、准确,能同时分离多种甘油磷脂、溶血磷脂及其同分异构体。     

Sulphur turnover in the developing pods of single and double low varieties of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L)

Changes in the sulphur (S) concentrations in pod walls and seeds of the double low variety Cobra and single low variety Bienveou of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L) were studied during pod development. The S concentration in the seeds of Cobra increased between 47 and 61 days after flowering and thereafter remained stable, whereas in Bienvenu seed S concentration was much higher initially and continued to increase throughout the sampling period (from 57 to 108 days after flowering). These differences in S concentration reflect different patterns of glucosinolate accumulation in the seeds. In contrast, there was a large and progressive build-up of S in the pod walls of Cobra, such that at maturity the S concentration in the pod walls of Cobra was approximately double that of Bienvenu. A large and progressive accumulation of inorganic sulphate was found to be responsible for the build-up of S in the pod walls of the double low variety. Short-term feeding experiments with terminal racemes showed that a smaller proportion of ³⁵S was translocated from the pod walls to the seeds in Cobra than in Bienvenu. However, the build-up of S in the pod walls of Cobra did not seem to result from a restricted translocation of glucosinolates, since in both varieties exogenously supplied allylglucosinolate was translocated rapidly from the pod walls to the seeds. These results are therefore consistent with the hypothesis that pod walls are a major site for the biosynthesis of glucosinolates present in the seeds, and a metabolic block in the pathway of glucosinolate biosynthesis is responsible for the low glucosinolate concentration in the seeds of double low varieties, which consequently results in a large build-up of sulphate in the pod walls.     

Knockout of KASIII regulation changes fatty acid composition in canola (Brassica napus)

In contrast to the dominating unsaturated C₁₈ fatty acid, medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFA) are nearly absent in the oil of common canola. Modification of canola oil towards higher contents of C₈ to C₁₄ fatty acids would create new possibilities for oleo‐chemical usages, in both the nutritional and the non‐food sectors. For this purpose, spring oilseed rape (cv. ‘Drakkar’) was genetically modified by introduction of MCFA‐encoding genes from Cuphea species containing approximately 90% MCFA in their seed oil. Two different single constructs involving the 3‐ketoacyl‐acyl carrier protein synthase (KAS)III from C. lanceolata were used, one harbouring the wild‐type gene, ClKASIIIbwt, and the other containing the point‐mutated gene, ClKASIIIbmut, along with two double constructs containing ClKASIIIbmut in combination with a medium‐chain thioesterase gene from C. lanceolata (ClFatB3) or C. hookeriana (ChFatB2). For both single‐gene constructs, a phenotype with an increased content of MCFA was not detected; however, the ClKASIIIbwt transformants produced up to 6.7% palmitic acid (C₁₆). In T2 seeds bearing the ClKASIIIbmut/ClFatB3 double‐gene construct, contents of up to 2.9% capric (C₁₀) and 11.4% palmitic acid were achieved. The best transformant with the gene construct ClKASIIIbmut/ChFatB2 contained 1.4% caprylic acid (C₈) and 7.9% C₁₀, and these results were confirmed in T3 seeds.     

Development and validation of gas chromatography and real‐time quantitative PCR for the quantification of landscape‐scale gene flow from varieties of high erucic acid (HEAR) oilseed rape

BACKGROUND: High erucic acid oilseed rape (HEAR) was tested as a source crop for estimates of regional geneflow. Two methods to detect HEAR in low erucic acid oilseed rape (LEAR) were compared: real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and gas chromatography (GC). RESULTS: Fields (2.5 ha) of a LEAR variety (0.028% EA) in Tayside and Hertfordshire were juxtaposed adjacent to and 1 km distant from a HEAR (44% EA) field. The LEAR variety was a varietal association to ensure high cross‐pollination (CP). The methods were highly correlated, measuring between 30% and 0.5% CP. However, the qPCR method became unreliable below 0.5% CP, whereas GC was robust enough to detect raised EA equivalent to one F1 seed in 500 (0.2%). A statistical mixture model was fitted to the distributions of EA in samples in order to assign a CP value to each 500‐seed sample. Declines of CP from 30% to < 1%, and EA from 5% to 0.2%, with distance up to 150 m in the near fields was best fitted with a power function. The combined mean EA for both far fields was 0.11%, well above the background LEAR value of 0.028%, and mean CP was 0.36%. CONCLUSIONS: The GC method of detection raised %EA should be a reliable and high‐throughput means of estimating %CP between fields, provided the %EA of single F1 seed in receptor fields is measured to confirm the presence of F1 seed. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

稀土元素钕对油菜超微结构的影响

电镜观察表明：低浓度的钕对完全营养培养的油菜顶叶叶尖细胞的叶绿体片层结构有明赤的改善作用,而高浓度的钕会引起结构损坏。适当浓度的钕能对缺钙油菜苗受损的细胞有修复作用,这表明钕有部分替代钙的作用。钕对油菜主根根尖细胞的作用与对顶叶叶尖细胞作用类似,但对根细胞超微结构影响更为明显。