Different durations of whole raw soybean supplementation during the prepartum period: Milk fatty acid profile and oocyte and embryo quality of early-lactating Holstein cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate different durations of whole raw soybeans (WS) supplementation during the prepartum period on nutrient digestibility, milk yield and composition, energy balance, blood metabolites, and oocyte and embryo quality of transition cows. Thirty-one Holstein cows were used in a completely randomized design and assigned to 4 experimental groups (G): G90, G60, G30, and G0 (control), supplemented with a diet containing 12% of WS from 90, 60, 30, and 0 d relative to the calving date, respectively. Cows were dried off 60 d before the expected calving date. After parturition, all cows were fed a diet containing 12% of WS until 84 DIM. Blood samples were collected on d ?49, ?35, ?21, ?14, ?7, 0, 7, 14, 21, 35, and 70 relative to partum. Ovum pick-ups were performed on d 21 ± 3, 42 ± 7, 63 ± 7, and 84 ± 7 of lactation. Different durations of WS supplementation did not affect DMI and apparent total-tract digestibility in either the pre- or postpartum periods. Duration of WS supplementation had no effect on milk yield and composition nor energy balance of cows. However, the duration of WS supplementation had several effects on milk fatty acid (FA) profile of cows, including a linear decrease in concentrations of cis-9 C18:1, unsaturated C18, total monounsaturated, and unsaturated FA. Further, the milk contents of cis-9,cis-12 C18:2 FA, cis-9,trans-11 C18:2 FA, and total polyunsaturated FA were increased when WS were fed to cows from 30 d but not from 60 or 90 d of the expected calving date. The length of WS supplementation in the prepartum period linearly increased blood cholesterol concentration of cows during the prepartum period, but it had no effect on blood glucose and nonesterified FA concentrations in the pre- and postpartum periods. Duration of WS supplementation during the prepartum period increased the average number of grade 2 oocytes, notably in G60, but it had no effect on embryo production and cleavage proportion of early-lactation cows. The duration of WS supplementation in the prepartum period had no effect on milk yield and energy balance of the subsequent lactation, but it altered milk FA profile in early lactation by decreasing unsaturated FA content, notably when starting to supplement WS at 90 and 60 d from the expected calving date. Our results also showed that the duration of WS supplementation during the prepartum period does not improve oocyte quality in the subsequent lactation of cows.     

Bovine milk fatty acid profiles produced by feeding diets containing solin,flax and canola

Fatty acid profiles with emphasis on linoleic, linolenic, oleic, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were compared in milk from dairy cows fed diets containing 3.25% supplemental fat and a control diet containing no supplemented fat. The fat was supplied by either whole ground solin, flax, or canola oilseed. Solin (linola) is a new cultivar of flax that contains 28% linoleic acid in the seed, Twelve multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to one of four dietary treatments. The experimental design was a 4 x 4 Latin square with each period consisting of 16 d for adjustment to the diet followed by a 5-d sampling period. Feed intake, milk yield, milk fat yield, and milk fat percentage were not affected by treatment. Adding solin, flax, or canola oilseed to lactation diets produced the highest proportions of linoleic (C18:2), linolenic (C18:3), and oleic (C18:1) acids, respectively, in the lipid fraction of the milk of the cows consuming these diets. The proportions of C6:0 to C16:1 were depressed in the milk fat of cows fed the oilseed diets, compared with the control diet. Increasing the lactation diet levels of C18:2, by using different oilseeds, increased CLA to 1.5% of milk fatty acids. The content of CLA in milk fatty acids, however, did not increase with the solin-supplemented diet compared with the canola-supplemented diet even though the C18:2 level was higher in the former diet.     

油料预处理加工机械设备的现状与发展趋势

油料预处理是油脂加工过程中重要的一道工序,油料预处理机械设备是制油设备中重要的组成部分,为了适应我国油料加工业可持续发展的需要,根据我国油料预处理加工机械设备的实际,对油料烘干、色选、破碎、软化、挤压膨化、轧坯、蒸炒和榨油等中国油料预处理加工机械设备现状与发展趋势进行了全面评述,并提出今后油料预处理加工机械设备必须走机电一体化和自动化的道路,以智能化的采集、控制装置及设备为前端,利用可靠性的工业控制计算机,构成具有先进监控管理能力的虚拟化仪表系统,应用网络技术实现关键主机的远程监控和维护.     

Chemical and nutritional studies on hanshi (perilla frutescens), a traditional oilseed from northeast india

Perilla frutescens, an edible oilseed of Northeast India, was evaluated for its nutrient composition and protein quality. It was found to be a rich source of protein (17.0%) and fat (51.7%). The fatty acid profile indicated that perilla oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linolenic (56.8%) and linoleic (17.6%). The amino acid composition showed that valine was the limiting amino acid of perilla protein. The protein efficiency ratio of the seed protein (2.07) was lower than that of casein (2.99), but comparable to common oilseeds. True digestibility of the seed protein (82.6%) was also lower than that of casein (89.3%).     

Some observations on the ISO 658 (1980) method for determination of the impurities content in commercial oilseed samples

Data are presented on the chemical analysis of oilseeds and their associated impurities. These data are used to support a discussion of the way different impurities components are currently considered. In particular, it is noted that the oil and free fatty acid contents of shell and fines should be carefully taken into account.     

Distribution, Transportation and Cytolocalization of Neodymium in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

Ｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒａｒｅｅａｒｔｈｅｌ ｅｍｅｎｔｓ (ＲＥＥ)ｈａｖｅａｂｅｎｅｆｉｃｉａｌｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｏｎｃｒｏｐｙｉｅｌｄａｎｄｑｕａｌｉｔｙａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｓｔｒｅｓｓ ｒｅｓｉｓ ｔａｎｃｅ[1] .Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｍｏｓｔｏｆｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｗｅｒｅｆｏｃｕｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＲＥＥｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｏｎｃｒｏｐｙｉｅｌｄｉｎｄｅｘｅｓ ,ｏｒｌｉｍｉｔｅｄａｔｔｉｓｓｕｅｌｅｖ ｅｌ ,ｗｈｉｌｅｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔ…     

Chemical composition of the potential new oilseed crops Barbarea vulgaris,Barbarea verna and Lepidium campestre

Barbarea vulgaris, Barbarea verna and Lepidium campestre were selected as potential new oilseed crops. To evaluate the nutritional and technological quality of the seeds, the chemical composition was studied. The major constituents found were dietary fibre, crude fat and crude protein. Barbarea contained about 350 g kg⁻¹ dietary fibre, 295 g kg ⁻¹ crude fat and 170 g kg⁻¹ crude protein, while Lepidium contained about 400 g kg⁻¹ dietary fibre, 200 g kg⁻¹ crude fat and 190 g kg⁻¹ protein. The amino acid composition was found to be suitable for human consumption when comparison with the amino acid pattern for high quality protein was made. Fatty acid composition was dominated by erucic acid in B vulgaris (28%) and B verna (50%) and by linolenic acid in L campestre (34%). Insoluble dietary fibres were dominated by Klason lignin in both Barbarea and Lepidium. Uronic acid and glucose residues were also found in large amounts. Soluble dietary fibres were dominated by uronic acid, arabinose and galactose residues. The major glucosinolates found were glucobarbarin in B vulgaris (108 μmol g⁻¹), gluconasturtiin in B verna (106 μmol g⁻¹) and sinalbin in L campestre (110 μmol g⁻¹). No cyanogens were found in any of the seeds. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

一种新型油料作物——奇亚籽

为了更好地开发、利用奇亚籽资源,主要从奇亚籽的生物学性状、物候学特性及生长习性、种植分布及育种情况、营养成分、奇亚籽油的脂肪酸组成及活性物质,以及其在食品、保健品和化妆品行业中的应用研究进展进行综述。奇亚籽具有丰富的营养成分及富含不饱和脂肪酸的特性,作为一种新型食品原料和新型油料作物,其在食品、保健品等行业具有广阔的发展前景。