Ferroic Halide Perovskite Optoelectronics

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) as one of the most active materials gained tremendous attention in the past decade because of their outstanding performance in optoelectronics. Owing to their perovskite structure, ferroelectricity is anticipated in this class of materials. However, whether MHPs are ferroelectric or not remains elusive. Recently, discussion regarding ferroelasticity in MHPs has been also raised. In addition, ionic motion and structural dynamics are well known in MHPs. The interplay of these phenomena including electric polarization, strain, ionic motion, and structural dynamics can have a significant impact on optoelectronics. Therefore, understanding the mechanism behind these phenomena and their interactions is critical in addressing the controversy about ferroicity of MHPs and developing functional devices. Here, the current findings about MHP's ferroicity are summarized and evaluated and a perspective for the future is provided. It is suggested that ionic motion and associated phenomena, coupled with ferroic behavior, are the main drivers behind MHPs functionality. The challenges are also discussed in probing MHPs’ ferroicity and what new measurement modalities are needed to fully understand and characterize MHP behavior. Finally, it is discussed how ferroic and strain can affect the optoelectronic performance of MHPs and how they can be used for engineering of higher performance devices.     

SDN中基于生物启示的控制器负载均衡机制

针对SDN多域部署中存在子域控制器负载不均衡现象,基于生物领域物种遗传和种群迁徙的启示,依据交换机迁移,提出了SDN控制器负载均衡机制.首先综合网络中主要开销,应用生物遗传的思想,设计了最优迁移域选择算法,得到最优迁入/迁出域;同时类比种群迁徙现象,对交换机应用存活期和淘汰机制,设计了交换机竞争迁移算法,均衡了子域交换机数量.仿真结果表明,与现有算法相比,迁移域的选取过程得到优化,均衡子域控制开销,有效保证了控制器负载的均衡分布.     

SDN控制器部署和基于流的动态管理方案*

软件定义网络（Software Defined Networking, SDN）通过构建独立的控制平面,极大地降低了网络设备及管理的复杂性。但在大规模广域网部署中,这种逻辑集中的方法在性能和扩展性方面存在诸多限制。因此控制平面多控制器的部署是一个非常重要的任务,其可以通过配置有限的资源来满足多样化需求。这些需求包括延迟限制、容错能力和负载均衡。本文首先提出一种控制器部署方法,该方法用于在给定的网络拓扑中完成控制器位置的部署。其次针对该部署方法设计了两种算法：交换机迁移算法将过载控制器域内交换机迁移到未过载控制器管理域中去,实现控制器间负载均衡;控制器池伸缩容量算法（Controller pool Scalable Capacity Algorithm, CSCA）实现池内控制器数目的动态伸缩,提高网络资源利用率。最后,仿真结果表明,相较LG方法,该方案在完成部署任务的同时,能够减少系统管理开销。     

Chunk mode VM migration in XIA and triple-way pipeline for performance optimization

Traditional TCP/IP network is showing lots of shortages and research for future networks is becoming a hotspot. FIA (Future Internet Architecture) and FIA-NP (Next Phase) are supported by US NSF for future Internet designing. Moreover, virtual machine migration is a significant technique in cloud computing. As a network application, it should also be supported in XIA (eXpressive Internet Architecture), which is in both FIA and FIA-NP projects. Current research just achieved to conduct VM migration in XIA, but the performance is not satisfactory. In this paper, we firstly present three methods including DAG design and routing table modification to maintain VM’s connectivity and communication states, concerning performance and overhead. VM migration experiments are conducted intra-AD, inter-AD and across IP network with KVM instances. The procedure is achieved by a migration control protocol which is suitable for the characters of XIA. Secondly, we propose a triple-way pipeline to improve the performance of chunk mode data transfer and greatly reduce total migration time and downtime. Evaluation results show that our solutions can well supports full live VM migration over XIA network respectively, keeping services seamless and performance improved. Furthermore, the optimization scheme can greatly improve the speed of VM migration, especially on XIA testbed.     

鱼道进口水流对草鱼幼鱼上溯行为的影响研究

为使鱼类能够快速发现和顺利进入鱼道进口并成功过坝,设计了鱼道进口概化模型。以草鱼幼鱼为研究对象,在18±1℃的条件下研究了鱼道进口流速对鱼类上溯行为的影响。研究发现:鱼道进口水流存在一个最佳流速,在该流速下,鱼类进入鱼道进口的效率最高。利用诱鱼流道补水有助于进一步提高鱼道进鱼效率,诱鱼流道水流与鱼道进口水流之间存在一个最优流速比。针对草鱼幼鱼的鱼道进口最佳流速约为0.3 m/s,诱鱼流道水流与鱼道进口水流的最佳流速比约为2.3。通过对洄游区鱼类游泳轨迹以及流场耦合,可知草鱼幼鱼上溯的喜好流速范围是0.20~0.30 m/s。研究成果对于鱼道进口水力设计具有重要意义。     

Downstream Migration of the European Eel (Anguilla Anguilla) in the Elbe River,Germany: Movement Patterns and the Potential Impact of Environmental Factors

Recruitment of European eels (Anguilla anguilla) has declined to the extent that they have been added to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Therefore, it is critical to ensure that eels complete their outward river migration in order to contribute to the available spawning stock. We conducted a 4‐year (2007–2011) telemetry study to understand the migratory behaviour and potential impact of environmental factors on the eel during this critical life stage. Out of 399 female eels tagged with acoustic transmitters, only 28% demonstrated clear downstream migratory behaviour. Fifty‐five percent were detected exhibiting no downstream migration behaviour and 17% were not detected at any monitoring station. Movement patterns of downstream‐migrating (silver) eels were characterized by nocturnal activity and seasonal migration, with distinct peaks in autumn and spring. Migration was often discontinuous and exhibited phases of active locomotion and expanded stopovers. The most important determinants of movement activity were water temperature, cumulative precipitation and moonlight, although the significance varied by season and location in the river basin. Our results evidence a discontinuous, stepwise migration over an extended period. Furthermore, our findings indicate that migration success depends on holding duration prior to tagging and environmental predictors with varying importance depending on the season, as well as the locations of capture, tagging and release. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

碳四烯烃歧化制丙烯技术

利用烯烃歧化技术制备丙烯是实现剩余碳四烯烃综合利用以及增产丙烯的有效途径。综述了国内外一些主要研究机构利用碳四烯烃歧化生产丙烯工艺的研究进展:美国Phillips(Lummus)公司工艺比较成熟,现已有工业化装置采用;法国Insti tutFrancaisduPetrole工艺可在低温下进行,但原料对杂质敏感,处于中试阶段;德国BASF工艺无须外加乙烯;南非Sasol公司工艺适合F-T反应产物的歧化,可以与合成油装置实现对接;UOP工艺将甲醇制烯烃技术与碳四烯烃歧化技术相结合,具有相当的经济优势,并即将工业化;而美国ARCO(Lyondell)公司工艺和中国科学院大连化学物理研究所开发的工艺仍处于实验室探索阶段。指出我国解决碳四馏分出路的重要途径就是采用歧化技术生产低碳烯烃,尤其是丙烯、己烯,以进一步提高企业经济效益。     

降低我国车用汽油烯烃含量的措施探讨

降低我国车用汽油烯烃含量的关键是降低催化裂化汽油的烯烃含量,而国内目前广泛采用的在催化裂化装置上使用降烯烃催化剂的方法是降低FCC汽油烯烃含量,此外国内开发的一些新型的催化裂化反应工艺,如MIP、MGD、FDFCC等也能明显降低FCC汽油的烯烃含量。指出为了进一步降低汽油烯烃含量,以应对更加严格的车用汽油标准,我国炼油业应在大力推行加氢工艺的基础上优化加工流程,发展重整、烷基化、醚化等多种工艺,彻底改变我国车用汽油池组成单一的现状。     

石蜡裂解烯烃羰基合成高碳醇试验研究

以石蜡裂解烯烃为原料,羰基钴膦配合体为催化剂,通过高压釜式装置和5t/a羰基合成模式装置合成了高碳醇。与长链烷烃脱氢烯烃为原料制高碳醇的工艺比较,该工艺的烯烃转化率、烷烃收率、醇收率和物料平衡方面优于或相当于长链烷烃脱氢烯烃生产工艺,该工艺可以降低生产成本,提供了一条重要的新的高碳醇合成原料来源。     

SAPO-34 分子筛研究新进展

综述了关于SAPO-34分子筛在合成、结构、表面酸性及其调变、热稳定性和水热稳定以及MeAPSO-34分子筛等方面的研究近况，并阐述了该分子筛的典型催化反应及研究前景。