功能性低聚糖的开发现状及在食品中的应用

论述了功能性低聚糖发展的背景、我国主要开发的功能性低聚糖的种类在食品中应用的状况。讨论了我国一些企业开发和生产功能性低聚糖的情况及市场前景。     

低聚糖在饲料工业中的应用

阐述了饲料工业中应用低聚糖的背景、低聚糖的生理功能、不同种类低聚糖对肠道微生物的营养及低聚糖在饲料中的实际应用效果。     

大豆低聚糖的制备工艺研究

研究从脱脂豆粕中提取大豆低聚糖的制备工艺。经多次实验,确定了浸提、活性炭脱色和离子交换脱盐等过程的优化工艺参数,并对成品糖浆的成分进行了测定。     

Mass spectrometry of oligosaccharides

Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification to cell surface and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins as well as to lipids. As a result, cells carry a dense coat of carbohydrates on their surfaces that mediates a wide variety of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions that are crucial to development and function. Because of the historical difficulties with the analysis of complex carbohydrate structures, a detailed understanding of their roles in biology has been slow to develop. Just as mass spectrometry has proven to be the core technology behind proteomics, it stands to play a similar role in the study of functional implications of carbohydrate expression, known as glycomics. This review summarizes the state of knowledge for the mass spectrometric analysis of oligosaccharides with regard to neutral, sialylated, and sulfated compound classes. Mass spectrometric techniques for the ionization and fragmentation of oligosaccharides are discussed so as to give the reader the background to make informed decisions to solve structure-activity relations in glycomics.     

酶法制备黑莓果胶寡糖及其抗氧化活性研究

对黑莓果胶寡糖进行抗氧化活性研究,探究其自由基清除能力。对黑莓果胶进行提取,并利用果胶酶对其进行酶解,通过分级醇沉制得黑莓果胶寡糖。以DPPH、ABTS、羟自由基清除能力验证不同黑莓果胶寡糖体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,4倍醇沉寡糖对DPPH、ABTS自由基的IC50分别为0.59、4.75 mg/m L。10倍醇沉果胶寡糖对这两种自由基的清除作用更强,IC50分别为0.40、2.79 mg/m L。黑莓果胶寡糖具有显著的抗氧化活性,对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基有很强的清除作用,且具有明显的量效关系。      

纳滤膜在功能性低聚糖分离纯化中的应用研究进展

功能性低聚糖具有抗肿瘤、抗放射、抗凝血、消炎和调节免疫力等医疗保健作用,广泛应用于食品科学和生物医药等领域。纳滤作为一种高效的膜分离技术,在功能性低聚糖的分离与纯化中的应用得到越来越多的关注。本文分析了纳滤膜对功能性低聚糖的分离机理,综述了纳滤膜在功能性多糖分离纯化中的应用进展,讨论了纳滤分离过程的影响因素,主要包括功能性多糖料液的性质、膜过程的操作参数以及膜材料本身的性质等。其中,料液的性质主要体现在组成、浓度、黏度等方面;操作参数主要体现在压力、温度、膜面流速和pH等方面;而膜材料的性质主要体现在微结构和表面性质两个方面。最后,进一步指出纳滤膜技术用于功能性多糖分离纯化时在设备成本、膜材料及膜污染等方面存在的问题,并对未来纳滤膜技术在低成本专用膜材料及系统开发和膜污染控制方面的研究进行了展望。     

Inhibitory effect of wheat bran feruloyl oligosaccharides on oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes

The present work assessed the protective effect of feruloyl oligosaccharides (FOs), the ferulic acid ester of oligosaccharides from wheat bran, against oxidative DNA damage in normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The DNA damage was measured by using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay). Lymphocytes were subjected to DNA damage by exposure to a range of H₂O₂ concentrations (10–200 μmol/l). H₂O₂, at a concentration of 200 μmol/l, resulted in nearly all cells being highly damaged. FOs showed no cytotoxicity and genotoxicity to normal human lymphocytes at the tested concentrations (10–500 μmol/l). In addition, DNA damage in human lymphocytes induced by 100 μmol/l H₂O₂ was inhibited by FOs in a concentration-dependent fashion with 91.1% inhibition of lymphocyte DNA damage at 500 μmol/l as compared with the control. The results suggest that water-soluble FOs from wheat bran are able to enhance the ability of human lymphocytes to resist H₂O₂ induced oxidative damage.