Therapeutic Strategies for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Associated with Aortic Aneurysm

Aortic aneurysms are sometimes associated with enhanced-fibrinolytic-type disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). In enhanced-fibrinolytic-type DIC, both coagulation and fibrinolysis are markedly activated. Typical cases show decreased platelet counts and fibrinogen levels, increased concentrations of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) and D-dimer, and increased FDP/D-dimer ratios. Thrombin-antithrombin complex or prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, as markers of coagulation activation, and plasmin-α₂ plasmin inhibitor complex, a marker of fibrinolytic activation, are all markedly increased. Prolongation of prothrombin time (PT) is not so obvious, and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is rather shortened in some cases. As a result, DIC can be neither diagnosed nor excluded based on PT and APTT alone. Many of the factors involved in coagulation and fibrinolysis activation are serine proteases. Treatment of enhanced-fibrinolytic-type DIC requires consideration of how to control the function of these serine proteases. The cornerstone of DIC treatment is treatment of the underlying pathology. However, in some cases surgery is either not possible or exacerbates the DIC associated with aortic aneurysm. In such cases, pharmacotherapy becomes even more important. Unfractionated heparin, other heparins, synthetic protease inhibitors, recombinant thrombomodulin, and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are agents that inhibit serine proteases, and all are effective against DIC. Inhibition of activated coagulation factors by anticoagulants is key to the treatment of DIC. Among them, DOACs can be taken orally and is useful for outpatient treatment. Combination therapy of heparin and nafamostat allows fine-adjustment of anticoagulant and antifibrinolytic effects. While warfarin is an anticoagulant, this agent is ineffective in the treatment of DIC because it inhibits the production of coagulation factors as substrates without inhibiting activated coagulation factors. In addition, monotherapy using tranexamic acid in cases of enhanced-fibrinolytic-type DIC may induce fatal thrombosis. If tranexamic acid is needed for DIC, combination with anticoagulant therapy is of critical importance.     

吸烟对口腔中挥发性含硫化合物(VSCs)含量的影响

在征集的812名自愿者中,其中吸烟者594名,非吸烟者218名,利用HALIMETER口臭测定仪测定了非吸烟者口腔中挥发性含硫化合物(VSCs)以及吸烟者吸食不同卷烟、吸食不同数量卷烟后口腔中VSCs含量。测定结果表明,吸烟者口腔中VSCs含量比非吸烟者高出一倍;吸烟者口腔中VSCs含量与吸烟数量呈明显的正相关;吸食"东方红"低危害口气清新卷烟与吸食对照卷烟相比,吸食者口腔中VSCs增长幅度明显降低。      

Applications of Plasma-Activated Water in Dentistry: A Review

The activation of water by non-thermal plasma creates a liquid with active constituents referred to as plasma-activated water (PAW). Due to its active constituents, PAW may play an important role in different fields, such as agriculture, the food industry and healthcare. Plasma liquid technology has received attention in recent years due to its versatility and good potential, mainly focused on different health care purposes. This interest has extended to dentistry, since the use of a plasma–liquid technology could bring clinical advantages, compared to direct application of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas (NTAPPs). The aim of this paper is to discuss the applicability of PAW in different areas of dentistry, according to the published literature about NTAPPs and plasma–liquid technology. The direct and indirect application of NTAPPs are presented in the introduction. Posteriorly, the main reactors for generating PAW and its active constituents with a role in biomedical applications are specified, followed by a section that discusses, in detail, the use of PAW as a tool for different oral diseases.     

坚果类休闲食品在口腔加工中的感官体验及其评价概述

坚果类休闲食品是以各种坚果、瓜果籽等为原材料,经烘焙、干制、炒制而成,是一类营养丰富且具有独特风味和口感体验的零食,深受消费者的喜爱.本文对坚果类休闲食品的定义、特点、发展现状进行了较为系统的分析,重点阐述坚果类食品的感官与饮食体验及其影响因素和各种评价方法等,以期为坚果类休闲食品的感官体验研究提供新的思路,更好地推进...     

金银花及其制剂含药血清中绿原酸HPLC紫外光谱测定和抑菌活性研究

目的:考察金银花及其复方制剂的含药血清抑菌效果.方法:采用最低抑菌浓度(MIC)测定方法和抑菌活性试验方法.结果:金银花含药血清和银黄口服液含药血清对大肠杆菌的MIC都为1μg/mL;对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC分别为0.5μg/mL和0.25μg/mL,含药血清抑菌活性为高敏.结论:金银花及其复方制剂的含药血清具有较强的抑菌作用.     

Targeting lncRNA H19/miR-29b/COL1A1 Axis Impedes Myofibroblast Activities of Precancerous Oral Submucous Fibrosis

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is known as a potentially malignant disorder, which may result from chemical irritation due to areca nuts (such as arecoline). Emerging evidence suggests that fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis are regulated by the interaction of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs. Among these regulators, profibrotic lncRNA H19 has been found to be overexpressed in several fibrosis diseases. Here, we examined the expression of H19 in OSF specimens and its functional role in fibrotic buccal mucosal fibroblasts (fBMFs). Our results indicate that the aberrantly overexpressed H19 contributed to higher myofibroblast activities, such as collagen gel contractility and migration ability. We also demonstrated that H19 interacted with miR-29b, which suppressed the direct binding of miR-29b to the 3′-untranslated region of type I collagen (COL1A1). We showed that ectopic expression of miR-29b ameliorated various myofibroblast phenotypes and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), COL1A1, and fibronectin (FN1) in fBMFs. In OSF tissues, we found that the expression of miR-29b was downregulated and there was a negative correlation between miR-29b and these fibrosis markers. Lastly, we demonstrate that arecoline stimulated the upregulation of H19 through the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathway. Altogether, this study suggests that increased TGF-β secretion following areca nut chewing may induce the upregulation of H19, which serves as a natural sponge for miR-29b and impedes its antifibrotic effects.     

The Impact of Early Saliva Interaction on Dental Implants and Biomaterials for Oral Regeneration: An Overview

The presence of saliva in the oral environment is relevant for several essential health processes. However, the noncontrolled early saliva interaction with biomaterials manufactured for oral rehabilitation may generate alterations in the superficial properties causing negative biological outcomes. Therefore, the present review aimed to provide a compilation of all possible physical–chemical–biological changes caused by the early saliva interaction in dental implants and materials for oral regeneration. Dental implants, bone substitutes and membranes in dentistry possess different properties focused on improving the healing process when in contact with oral tissues. The early saliva interaction was shown to impair some positive features present in biomaterials related to quick cellular adhesion and proliferation, such as surface hydrophilicity, cellular viability and antibacterial properties. Moreover, biomaterials that interacted with contaminated saliva containing specific bacteria demonstrated favorable conditions for increased bacterial metabolism. Additionally, the quantity of investigations associating biomaterials with early saliva interaction is still scarce in the current literature and requires clarification to prevent clinical failures. Therefore, clinically, controlling saliva exposure to sites involving the application of biomaterials must be prioritized in order to reduce impairment in important biomaterial properties developed for rapid healing.     

UPLC-MS/MS法筛查口服液体药用复合膜中12种常见抗氧剂

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS),用于筛查口服液体药用复合膜中12种常见抗氧剂。方法 采用正己烷为提取溶剂,回流2 h,提取目标化合物,用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测目标化合物含量;以Shim-pack GIST C18(100 mm×2.1 mm, 2 μm)为色谱柱,甲醇和水为流动相;质谱选用电喷雾(ESI)离子源,多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式进行定性定量分析。结果 12种抗氧剂在2~500 ng/mL的质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数r≥0.998 6,检测限为0.2~10.6 ng/g,回收率为78.9%~112.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.8%~7.0%(n=3);经检测,12批口服液体药用复合膜中均有抗氧剂检出,其中含量较高的有1010、1076和168。结论 该方法高效灵敏、准确可靠,可用于口服液体药用复合膜中12种常见抗氧剂的筛查。