一种纳米复合材料用改性膨润土的制备及其性能研究

选用价格低廉的ε-己内酰胺对内蒙某膨润土矿样进行有机改性，采用正交试验法筛选出最佳的改性反应条件，得到一种可用来制备纳米复合材料的改性膨润土。然后，用该土与尼龙6进行原位聚合，经TEM测试，改性膨润土在尼龙6基体中发生解离，达到纳米级分散，同时尼龙6的力学性能和热稳定性得到大幅改善。这不仅拓宽了膨润土的应用领域，也达到了改性增强尼龙6的目的。     

复合添加VC/Cr3C2晶粒长大抑制剂对WC-12%Co超细晶硬质合金性能的影响

采用真空／压力烧结工艺制备样品。研究复合添加晶粒长大抑制剂及烧结温度对WC-12％Co超细硬质合金微观结构及性能的影响。结果表明．当晶粒抑制剂含量为0．5％VC／0．2％Cr3C2．1430℃；和4MPa烧结制备的WC-12％Co超细硬质合金的抗弯强度达3786MPa。硬度为91．7HR。WC平均晶粒尺寸为0．6μm。富集在WC品粒（0001）面上的V阻止WC晶面迁移．固溶在粘结相中的Crsca减缓WC颗粒在粘结相中溶饵析出和再结晶长大过程．二者综合作用使WC晶粒细化。     

Pyrazine-interior-embodied MOF-74 for selective CO2 adsorption

A series of pyrazine-interior-embodied metal–organic framework-74 composites (py-MOF-74) were successfully synthesized by a post-synthetic vapor modification method. Here, pyrazine molecules occupy the cavity to block the wide pores of MOF-74, which accentuates the difference in adsorption of a pair of gases on MOFs and consequently reinforces the adsorption selectivity. Different from the “physical confinement” of occupants, the pyrazine molecule with dual “para-nitrogen” atoms donates one N atom to bond with the open metal ion of MOF-74 for stability and the other N atom for potential CO₂ trapping. Typically, py-MOF-74c with the highest pyrazine insertion ratio displays selectivity greatly superior to that of MOF-74 in equimolar CO₂/CH₄ (598 vs. 35) and in simulated CO₂/N₂ flue gas (471 vs. 49). Py-MOF-74 entities are long-lived adsorbents, and their CO₂ capacity can be maintained even after storage for 1 year in air. Py-MOF-74 also showed a sharp molecular sieve property in fixed-bed cycle adsorption tests, which implies its great potential in real applications.     

Active learning boosted computational discovery of covalent–organic frameworks for ultrahigh CH4 storage

As an environmental-benign fuel, methane (CH₄) has received considerable interest for developing high-capacity energy storage systems. Herein, we aim to rapidly discover covalent–organic frameworks (COFs) for ultrahigh CH₄ storage among 530,000+ COFs, including one experimental (Curated) and two hypothetical (Berkeley and Genomic) databases. First, the feature space of all the three COF databases is projected by t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) technique, which reveals a potential but unexplored regime in Genomic COFs. Subsequently, an active learning (AL) approach is developed by integrating parallel acquisition with molecular simulation to efficiently explore Genomic COFs. The parallel AL model demonstrates remarkable screening efficiency and shortlists top COFs by evaluating only 50 out of 445,845 Genomic COFs. A record-breaking Genomic COF is identified with CH₄ deliverable capacity of 222.2 v/v, surpassing the current world record (208.0 v/v from experiment and 217.9 v/v from simulation). Our AL approach is significantly faster than brute-force simulation and conventional machine learning, it would accelerate the discovery of advanced porous materials for broad applications.     

不饱和腙类化合物的三氟甲基化反应

氟具有强的吸电子性、亲脂性,将含氟的取代基引入药物中能显著改变药物的药代动力学性质,包括极性、亲脂性、代谢稳定性等,因此向化合物中引入三氟甲基是近期有机合成及医药领域的热点,开发利用经济、高效、绿色的三氟甲基试剂具有重要的意义。以三氟甲烷亚磺酸钠为三氟甲基源,在温和的条件下实现不饱和腙类化合物的三氟甲基化。结果表明,三氟甲烷亚磺酸钠作为三氟甲基源具有良好的反应活性,反应条件温和,符合绿色化学要求,并提供了向不饱和腙类化合物引入三氟甲基的新方法。     

好氧颗粒污泥处理印染废水的特性探究

在柱状序批式反应器内调查了好氧颗粒污泥处理印染废水的可行性,并考察进水有机负荷率（OLR）对颗粒污泥形成规律及COD、氨氮的去除影响。结果表明,当进水OLR由1.0 kg/（m³·d）升高至7.0 kg/（m³·d）时,颗粒污泥质量浓度呈现上升趋势。当进水OLR为5.0 kg/（m³·d）时,颗粒污泥系统沉降性最好,污泥沉降指数(SVI₃₀)仅为52.6m L/g。此外,进水OLR影响颗粒污泥粒径分布、胞外聚合物（EPS）含量及组分。当进水OLR为5.0 kg/（m³·d）时,颗粒污泥粒径主要分布于0.9～1.2 mm,且占比38.5%,EPS的含量升高至81.3 mg/g,显著高于其他进水OLR组别。进水OLR变化主要影响EPS内蛋白质（PN）含量变化,而对多糖（PS）含量变化影响较小。进水OLR能影响颗粒污泥处理印染废水中污染物的去除,当进水OLR为5.0 kg/（m³·d）时,COD和氨氮去除率最高,且分别为79.5%和85.6%,而进水OLR对浊度...     

分子筛材料在VOCs吸附中的研究进展

挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的大量排放对我国大气环境已造成严重污染。本文综述了针对工业VOCs排放浓度低、风量大、含水等特点,分子筛作为较成熟的吸附材料在VOCs吸附处理中的应用。影响分子筛吸附VOCs的因素有孔径结构、表面性质、疏水性等。研究表明,与吸附质动力学尺寸相匹配的孔径和具有多级孔的分子筛吸附性能优良,引入适宜补偿阳离子也可加强吸附。文中指出：提高硅铝比或硅烷化改性来提高分子筛疏水性以及免除模板剂使用,降低成本,减小污染成为当下发展主流;在制备方法上打破传统水热合成法,使用固相法、微波辅助、晶种导入来降低能耗,实现绿色合成已成为新兴话题;研发多功能整体式材料以及吸附法和多种方法相结合来处理VOCs已成为未来发展趋势。     

废弃蛋壳源高性能钙基吸收剂的制备及其碳捕集性能

基于食品工业废弃蛋壳,本文利用不同有机酸反应制取乙酸钙、柠檬酸钙及葡萄糖酸钙共三种蛋壳源有机钙。在高温固定床反应器及热重分析仪上研究了不同前体所制成钙基吸收剂的碳循环捕集性能及碳酸化特性。进一步通过XRD分析了不同钙基吸收剂的物相组成,通过N₂吸附仪及SEM分析了循环前后钙基吸收剂结构特性及微观形貌的变化。结果表明,在三种蛋壳源有机钙中,葡萄糖酸钙所制成的钙基吸收剂具有较高的反应活性和相对最佳的碳捕集性能,首次碳酸化转化率高达85.33%,其钙基吸收剂相比其他吸收剂晶粒更小,20~100nm孔径范围内的孔隙较为发达,具有相对较强的抗烧结能力。经过20次循环实验发现,随着循环次数的增加,几种钙基吸收剂小颗粒均团聚烧结成大颗粒,造成孔隙结构缺失,孔隙率降低,影响其后续碳捕集性能。     

Simultaneous oxidation of aromatic compounds using Sr-doped lanthanum manganites as catalysts

Strontium-doped lanthanum manganites, La_1-xSr_xMnO₃ (LSMO), are promising and affordable catalysts for oxidative degradation of volatile organic compounds. LSMO catalysts (x = 0, .1, .2, and .3) were prepared by the citrate-nitrate autocombustion (CNA) and coprecipitation synthesis. The phase composition was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement analysis, while the oxygen content was determined by Mohr's salt permanganate titration. Morphology and porosity of prepared catalysts was correlated to catalytic oxidation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene. It was observed that both synthesis methods yielded catalysts of similar average pore size diameter and specific surface area, but the pore size distribution differed: CNA-prepared catalysts had a multimodal pore size distribution, while the coprecipitated ones had a single maximum at 4 nm. Catalysts prepared by the CNA method have shown a higher catalytic activity in the temperature range 373–723 K, as the presence of Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ mixed valences increased their reducibility.     

Hierarchical porous metal-organic frameworks/polymer microparticles for enhanced catalytic degradation of organic contaminants

This work reports on a simple microfluidic strategy to controllably fabricate uniform polymeric microparticles containing hierarchical porous structures integrated with highly accessible catalytic metal organic frameworks for efficient degradation of organic contaminants. Monodisperse (W1/O)/W2 emulsion droplets generated from microfluidics are used as templates for the microparticle synthesis. The emulsion droplets contain tiny water microdroplets from homogenization and water nanodroplets from diffusion-induced swollen micelles as the dual pore-forming templates, and Fe-based metal-organic framework nanorods as the nanocatalysts. The obtained microparticles possess interconnected hierarchical porous structures decorated with highly accessible Fe-based metal-organic framework nanorods for enhanced degradation of organic contaminants via a heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction. Such a degradation performance is highlighted by using these microparticles for efficient degradation of rhodamine B in hydrogen peroxide solution. This work provides a simple and general strategy to flexibly combine hierarchical porous structures and catalytic metal-organic frameworks to engineer advanced microparticles for water decontamination.