不同施肥措施对植烟土壤生物学特性和速效养分的影响

通过两年盆栽试验,研究增施不同有机物料对植烟土壤生物学特性和速效养分的影响。结果表明,与纯施化肥相比,增施芝麻饼肥显著增加土壤碱解氮和速效磷含量,增施生物炭显著增加速效钾含量;增施腐熟秸秆土壤蔗糖酶活性显著提升12%,芝麻饼肥和生物炭处理脲酶活性均显著增加19%,生物炭处理过氧化氢酶活性显著增加27%。增施腐熟秸秆土壤微生物生物量碳最高,达到234.52 mg/kg,生物炭处理土壤微生物生物量氮最高,达到35.29 mg/kg。细菌为植烟土壤可培养菌中的优势菌,增施生物炭显著提升可培养细菌数量,增施腐熟秸秆显著提升可培养真菌和放线菌数量。总体来看,增施不同有机物料能改善土壤生物学特性,增加速效养分含量,从而改善植烟土壤质量。     

采用有机溶剂法提取生姜有效成分

采用有机溶剂浸提技术对生姜提取姜油树脂的最佳工艺进行了探讨，结果表明，最佳溶剂为70％的乙醇，姜颗粒度为30h，浸泡时间为10h，料剂比为1：10，提取效果较好。     

前处理对‘澳洲青苹’苹果果实中有机酸组成与含量的影响

将‘澳洲青苹’样品去除果皮、果心,采用液相色谱法,研究破碎处理方式、浸提条件、测定前样品贮藏条件对其果肉组织有机酸组成与含量的影响。结果表明:人工研磨与机械匀浆都是样品破碎处理的有效手段,其选择要视实验目的、要求及具体实施情况而定。浸提温度与振荡时间对提取效果没有显著影响,以在常温(25℃)条件下超声波振荡提取15 min为宜。样品前处理后最好立即检测分析,如不能立即进行,则以将破碎后经离心处理的样品保存在常温、光照条件下做短期贮藏为好。‘澳洲青苹’果实中含有草酸、奎尼酸、苹果酸、莽草酸和柠檬酸5种有机酸,含量顺序为苹果酸奎尼酸柠檬酸草酸莽草酸,苹果酸是最为主要的有机酸,同一果实中不同有机酸与不同果实中相同有机酸含量相差悬殊,实验时要注意试材的选取。     

甜味抑制剂对低甜度蛋糕品质和保藏性能的影响

研究了甜味抑制剂添加量、白砂糖添加量、米糠油添加量对蛋糕质构、综合感官的影响,并采用响应面分析法选出最优配方,即甜味抑制剂添加量0.18‰,白砂糖添加量33.15%,油添加量15.49%时,制作的蛋糕的综合感官评分最高。     

A study on performance of solid oxide fuel cell‐organic Rankine cycle combined system

This study presents an energetic performance analysis for a combined power generation system consisting of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). In order to simulate the SOFC–ORC combined system under steady‐state conditions, a mathematical model is developed. The developed model is used to determine the potential effects caused by the changes of the design parameters on the energetic performance of the combined system. As design parameters, turbine inlet pressure, condenser temperature, fuel utilization, current density, compressor pressure ratio, and cell operating temperature are taken into account. In this regard, the electrical power and First Law efficiency are estimated by parametrical analysis and discussed comprehensively. Results of these analyses show that the efficiency is increased about 14–25% by recovering SOFC waste heat through ORC based on investigated design parameter conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Morphology and surface properties of some siloxane–organic copolymers

BACKGROUND: It is well known that, due to their extremely low polarity, polysiloxanes are incompatible with almost any organic system. This incompatibility leads to phase separation in mixed siloxane–organic systems. RESULTS: Three siloxane–organic copolymers, poly[(5,5′‐methylene‐bis‐salicylaldehyde)‐imine‐(1,3‐bis(propylene)tetramethyldisiloxane)] (Paz1), poly[(2,5‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone)‐imine‐(1,3‐bis(propylene)tetramethyldisiloxane)] (Paz2) and poly[1,3‐bis(propylene)tetramethyldisiloxane diamide] (Pam), were prepared by the reaction of 1,3‐bis(3‐aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane with appropriate organic partners (5,5′‐methylene‐bis‐salicylaldehyde, 2,5‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone and oxalyl chloride, respectively). The morphologies dictated by the incompatibility between siloxane and polar organic moieties were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The surface activity of the copolymers and water vapour sorption capacity were also measured. CONCLUSION: Even though the polar sequences are very short ones, the highly flexible siloxane‐containing sequence permits the self‐assembly of these into more or less polar domains. Such an organization influences the properties of the resulting materials, an important place being occupied by the surface properties. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Spatial mapping of electronic states in κ-(BEDT-TTF)2X using infrared reflectivity

We review our recent work on spatial inhomogeneity of the electronic states in the strongly correlated molecular conductors κ-(BEDT-TTF)₂X. Spatial mapping of infrared spectra (SMIS) is used for imaging the distribution of the local electronic states. In molecular materials, the infrared response of the specific molecular vibration mode with a strong electron–molecular vibration coupling can reflect the electronic states via the change in the vibration frequency. By spatially mapping the frequency shift of the molecular vibration mode, an electronic phase separation has been visualized near the first-order Mott transition in the bandwidth-controlled organic conductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)₂Cu[N(CN)₂]Br. In addition to reviewing SMIS of the phase separation, we briefly mention the electronic and optical properties of κ-(BEDT-TTF)₂X.     

耐高温有机胶粘剂的现状与发展

综述了耐高温有机胶粘剂的发展现状，对一些重要的不同类型耐高温有机胶粘剂的性能和应用进行了讨论。并指出了耐高温有机胶粘剂的研究发展方向。