全文获取类型
收费全文 | 17052篇 |
免费 | 2729篇 |
国内免费 | 878篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 183篇 |
技术理论 | 2篇 |
综合类 | 1002篇 |
化学工业 | 5681篇 |
金属工艺 | 317篇 |
机械仪表 | 251篇 |
建筑科学 | 1251篇 |
矿业工程 | 292篇 |
能源动力 | 566篇 |
轻工业 | 1881篇 |
水利工程 | 198篇 |
石油天然气 | 1276篇 |
武器工业 | 302篇 |
无线电 | 2988篇 |
一般工业技术 | 3770篇 |
冶金工业 | 347篇 |
原子能技术 | 86篇 |
自动化技术 | 266篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 85篇 |
2023年 | 576篇 |
2022年 | 451篇 |
2021年 | 749篇 |
2020年 | 833篇 |
2019年 | 808篇 |
2018年 | 677篇 |
2017年 | 782篇 |
2016年 | 796篇 |
2015年 | 780篇 |
2014年 | 1223篇 |
2013年 | 1148篇 |
2012年 | 1273篇 |
2011年 | 1267篇 |
2010年 | 935篇 |
2009年 | 961篇 |
2008年 | 765篇 |
2007年 | 1026篇 |
2006年 | 985篇 |
2005年 | 826篇 |
2004年 | 664篇 |
2003年 | 600篇 |
2002年 | 430篇 |
2001年 | 399篇 |
2000年 | 344篇 |
1999年 | 232篇 |
1998年 | 166篇 |
1997年 | 165篇 |
1996年 | 120篇 |
1995年 | 108篇 |
1994年 | 108篇 |
1993年 | 66篇 |
1992年 | 58篇 |
1991年 | 47篇 |
1990年 | 28篇 |
1989年 | 24篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 22篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 26篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1964年 | 2篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
1951年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Membrane bioreactor for the drinking water treatment of polluted surface water supplies 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
A laboratory membrane bioreactor (MBR) using a submerged polyethylene hollow-fibre membrane module with a pore size of 0.4 microm and a total surface area of 0.2 m2 was used for treating a raw water supply slightly polluted by domestic sewage. The feeding influent had a total organic carbon (TOC) level of 3-5 mg/L and an ammonia nitrogen (NH(3)-N) concentration of 3-4 mg/L. The MBR ran continuously for more than 500 days, with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) as short as 1h or less. Sufficient organic degradation and complete nitrification were achieved in the MBR effluent, which normally had a TOC of less than 2 mg/L and a NH(3)-N of lower than 0.2 mg/L. The process was also highly effective for eliminating conventional water impurities, as demonstrated by decreases in turbidity from 4.50+/-1.11 to 0.08+/-0.03 NTU, in total coliforms from 10(5)/mL to less than 5/mL and in UV(254) absorbance from 0.098+/-0.019 to 0.036+/-0.007 cm(-1). With the MBR treatment, the 3-day trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) was significantly reduced from 239.5+/-43.8 to 60.4+/-23.1 microg/L. The initial chlorine demand for disinfection decreased from 22.3+/-5.1 to 0.5+/-0. 1mg/L. The biostability of the effluent improved considerably as the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) decreased from 134.5+/-52.7 to 25.3+/-19.9 microg/L. All of these water quality parameters show the superior quality of the MBR-treated water, which was comparable to or even better than the local tap water. Molecular size distribution analysis and the hydrophobic characterisation of the MBR effluent, in comparison to the filtered liquor from the bioreactor, suggest that the MBR had an enhanced filtration mechanism. A sludge layer on the membrane surface could have functioned as an additional barrier to the passage of typical THM precursors, such as large organic molecules and hydrophobic compounds. These results indicate that the MBR with a short HRT could be developed as an effective biological water treatment process to address the urgent need of many developing countries that are plagued by the serious contamination of surface water resources. 相似文献
992.
993.
Composition of a protein-like fluorophore of dissolved organic matter in coastal wetland and estuarine ecosystems 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
This study demonstrates the compositional heterogeneity of a protein-like fluorescence emission signal (T-peak; excitation/emission maximum at 280/325 nm) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) samples collected from subtropical river and estuarine environments. Natural water samples were collected from the Florida Coastal Everglades ecosystem. The samples were ultrafiltered and excitation-emission fluorescence matrices were obtained. The T-peak intensity correlated positively with N concentration of the ultrafiltered DOM solution (UDON), although, the low correlation coefficient (r(2)=0.140, p<0.05) suggested the coexistence of proteins with other classes of compounds in the T-peak. As such, the T-peak was unbundled on size exclusion chromatography. The elution curves showed that the T-peak was composed of two compounds with distinct molecular weights (MW) with nominal MWs of about >5 x 10(4) (T(1)) and approximately 7.6 x 10(3) (T(2)) and with varying relative abundance among samples. The T(1)-peak intensity correlated strongly with [UDON] (r(2)=0.516, p<0.001), while T(2)-peak did not, which suggested that the T-peak is composed of a mixture of compounds with different chemical structures and ecological roles, namely proteinaceous materials and presumably phenolic moieties in humic-like substances. Natural source of the latter may include polyphenols leached from senescent plant materials, which are important precursors of humic substances. This idea is supported by the fact that polyphenols, such as gallic acid, an important constituent of hydrolysable tannins, and condensed tannins extracted from red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) leaves exhibited the fluorescence peak in the close vicinity of the T-peak (260/346 and 275/313 nm, respectively). Based on this study the application of the T-peak as a proxy for [DON] in natural waters may have limitations in coastal zones with significant terrestrial DOM input. 相似文献
994.
PCBs and OCPs in human milk and selected foods from Luqiao and Pingqiao in Zhejiang, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study was conducted to measure the levels of 23 PCB congeners and 6 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in human milk and three food types collected from Luqiao and Pingqiao in Zhejiang Province, China. An effort was also made to explore the potential health risk for the mothers and breast-fed infants living in these two localities. Luqiao was selected as the sampling site because it is the largest place for the disassembly of obsolete transformers and electrical waste in China. Pingqiao, located 100 km NW of Luqiao, is not known to be a place for any electronic or electrical waste and hence was chosen as the control site. Both localities are important agricultural places in the province. The organochlorines were measured in the samples using the GC-muECD technique. Micro-EROD bioassay method was also used as a complement of the chemical analysis to estimate the TEQ levels of dioxin-like PCBs in human milk. The data showed that the human milk, rice, hen egg, and fish samples from Luqiao were more heavily contaminated with PCBs than those from Pingqiao, suggesting that the mothers and their breast-fed infants in Luqiao tended to receive greater exposure to PCBs than those living in Pingqiao. The OCP levels in the two localities were found comparable, suggesting that the major source of contamination with these pesticides was from their agricultural uses. Significant correlation (R2 = 0.87, P<0.001) of PCB TEQs was found between the bioassay and chemical analysis method, suggesting that micro-EROD is an effective method for comprehensive determination of TEQ levels in human milk. Comparison with literature data showed that the PCB levels in milk samples from Luqiao were significantly higher than those from localities in other Chinese provinces and comparable to those in developed or industrialized countries. 相似文献
995.
Fish mercury development in relation to abiotic characteristics and carbon sources in a six-year-old, Brazilian reservoir 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Tuomola L Niklasson T de Castro E Silva E Hylander LD 《The Science of the total environment》2008,390(1):177-187
Time series on fish mercury (Hg) development are rare for hydroelectric reservoirs in the tropics. In the central-western part of Brazil, a hydroelectric reservoir, called Lago Manso, was completed in 1999 after that background levels of fish Hg concentrations had been determined. The development for the first 3 years was studied in 2002. The objective of the present study was to determine development of fish Hg concentrations for a second three-year period after flooding. The bioaccumulation factor and certain abiotic and biotic factors, possibly affecting the availability and accumulation of Hg, were also examined. The results show that Hg levels in fish from Lago Manso have increased more than five times compared to the background levels observed before construction of the reservoir. At the same time, dissolved organic carbon has increased while dissolved oxygen has decreased indicating enhanced bioavailability of Hg. In the reservoir, Salminus brasiliensis had in average a Hg content of 1.1 microg g(-1) f.w., Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum 1.2, Serrasalmus marginatus/spilopleura 0.9, and Brycon hilarii 0.6 microg g(-1) f.w. The average fish Hg contents were higher downstream, except for B. hilarii. In the reservoir, the average Hg content of each species was in 2005 always over the consumption limit (0.55 microg total Hg g(-1) f.w.) recommended by WHO. Therefore, the people living around Lago Manso should be informed of the health effects of Hg, and fish consumption recommendations should be carried out. The accumulation of Hg varies widely between species as shown by the bioaccumulation factor which ranges between 5.08 and 5.59 log units. The observed variation is explained by differences in diet and trophic position with piscivorous fish exhibiting the highest mean Hg concentration, followed by carnivorous and omnivorous species. Carbon isotope analyses imply that trophic position is not the only cause of the observed differences in Hg levels between omnivorous B. hilarii, having a diet partly based on C(4) plants, and carnivorous S. marginatus as well as piscivorous S. brasiliensis, whose carbon sources are depleted in (13)C. The fact that the species have different carbon sources indicates that they belong to different food chains. 相似文献
996.
997.
Organic nitrogen transformations in a 4-stage Bardenpho nitrogen removal plant and bioavailability/biodegradability of effluent DON 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Chakkrid Sattayatewa Krishna Pagilla Paul Pitt Kevin Selock Theresa Bruton 《Water research》2009,43(18):4507-4516
Nitrogen species, specifically, the fate and occurrence of organic nitrogen (ON) within a 4-stage Bardenpho process bioreactor producing low total nitrogen (TN) effluents were investigated in this study. The results showed release of ON in primary anoxic zone and no ON release in the first aerobic zone of the process. The research included investigation of biodegradability/bioavailability of wastewater-derived effluent dissolved ON (DON). The final-effluent DON utilization was evaluated by two different bioassay protocols in the presence and absence of nitrate. About 28–57% of the effluent DON was bioavailable/biodegradable. Bioavailable (to algae and bacteria) DON (ABDON) and biodegradable (to bacteria) DON (BDON) results did not show significant differences in terms of quantity, but DON utilization rates by ABDON (0.13 day−1) protocol were higher than that of the BDON (0.04 day−1) protocol in the nitrate-removal samples. As a result, ABDON requires a shorter time to exert the bioavailable fraction due to symbiotic relationship between algae and bacteria. In the nitrate-containing samples, it appears that nitrate competes with labile DON as a nitrogen source to microorganisms in both ABDON and BDON protocols. The first order decay rate of DON in the presence of nitrate was 0.11 day−1 and 0.02 day−1 for ABDON and BDON, respectively. 相似文献
998.
分别采用溶解性葡萄糖和颗粒性淀粉作为配水中的有机物,考察了混凝(烧杯试验)及造拉流化床时有机物的去除特性.研究表明,对于溶解性有机物(COD)而言,混凝对其去除效果非常有限,去除率仅为13.3% ,而大部分的颗粒性有机物可通过混凝作用去除;造粒流化床时溶解性有机物(COD)的去除率高达97.8% ,远远高于混凝及强化一级处理(CEPT)的.由于颗粒的形成,使得造粒流化床所去除的污染物不仅包括混凝可沉淀和可混凝但不可沉淀两部分,甚至还去除了相当一部分不可混凝的污染物,这是造粒流化床去除效率较高的原因.另外,颗粒的形成对于去除溶解性有机物的强化作用要明显高于对颗粒性有机物的. 相似文献
999.
不同条件下UBAF的硝化性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用以陶粒为填料的上向流曝气生物滤池(UBAF)处理城市污水,考察了水力负荷、有机容积负荷和氨氮容积负荷对UBAF硝化性能的影响.结果表明:随着水力负荷的提高,UBAF的硝化性能加速下降,当水力负荷由0.8 m3/(m2·h)增至1.5 m3/(m2·h)时,UBAF对NH+4-N的平均去除率仅下降了4.87%,当继续增至2.2 m3/(m2·h)时,UBAF对NH+4-N的平均去除率又下降了9.80%;当有机容积负荷从0.86 kgCOD/(m3·d)增至2.56 kgCOD/(m3·d)时,UBAF对NH4+-N的平均去除率仅下降了4.15%,当继续增至3.92 kgCOD/(m3·d)时,对NH+4-N的平均去除率又下降了8.77%,虽降幅增大但仍能实现对NH+4-N的平均去除率>75%;当NH4+-N容积负荷从0.24 kgNH4+-N/(m3·d)增至0.41 kgNH+4-N/(m3·d)时,UBAF对NH+4-N的平均去除率仅下降了3.59%,当继续增至0.51 kgNH+4-N/(m3·d)时,对NH+4-N的平均去除率又下降了6.82%(UBAF的硝化性能加速下降). 相似文献
1000.