Incineration Method for Plutonium Recovery from Alpha Contaminated Organic Compounds

An incineration method for plutonium recovery from α contaminated organic compounds in a flow of controlled oxygen gas is stated. The species of such thermal decomposition products as hydrocarbons, free carbon, carbon monoxide and hydrogen were determined by mass spectrography. The mixture of the products which are the source of tar or soot was converted to CO₂ and H₂O in contact with copper oxide catalyst without flaming.

This incineration method is composed of two stages. The first stage is the decomposition of organic compounds in the streams of gas mixtures containing oxygen in low ratios. The second stage is the incineration of the decomposition products by catalytic reaction in the streams of gas with higher oxygen ratios. Plutonium was recovered as the form of plutonium dioxide from the incineration residues of the first stage.

The behavior of oil was examined as a representative of liquid organic compounds. It was found to evaporate below ca. 500°C, but was completely incinerated by the catalytic reaction with copper oxide catalyst in the flow of gas with controlled oxygen amount and was changed to CO₂ and H₂O.     

垃圾土变形特性及防渗膜受力的试验研究

垃圾填埋场中垃圾土的降解是垃圾填埋场沉降的主要原因,而垃圾填埋场的沉降对HPDE衬垫膜的受力和工作状态有显著的影响,HPDE衬垫膜的设计需要考虑垃圾填埋场沉降的作用,文章通过垃圾土中有机物的降解试验和垃圾土柱沉降试验,推求了考虑垃圾土压缩和降解的变形计算方法,进行了垃圾填埋场的离心模型试验,探讨了垃圾填埋场中垃圾体的变形分布规律和衬垫膜的受力特征,对衬垫膜的设计计算方法进行了研究。     

垃圾填埋场中有机污染物的生物降解

概述了垃圾填埋场中微生物对污染物的吸收与生物化学作用，有机污染物的生物降解的基本原理及其影响因素，介绍了垃圾生物降解的四种基本动力学方程，提出了要重视我国在填埋场有机物降解机理方面的研究。     

有机热载体加热炉安装质量的控制

通过对有机热载体加热炉的工作原理分析,介绍了该类型加热炉炉体的选用及安装的要求,并对有机热载体炉安装过程中质量的控制进行了探讨.     

Measurements and Calculations of Neutron Energy Spectra Behind Polyethylene Shields Bombarded by 40- and 65-MeV Quasi-Monoenergetic Neutron Sources

Measurements of neutron energy spectra behind 30.5-, 61.0-, 122.0-, 183.0-cm-thick polyethylene shields bombarded by 40- and 65-MeV quasi-monoenergetic neutrons are performed at the 90-MeV AVF cyclotron of the TIARA (Takasaki Ion Accelerator for Advanced Radiation Application) at JAERI (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute). Source neutrons are produced at 3.6- and 5.2-mm-thick⁷ Li targets bombarded by 43- and 68-MeV protons, respectively. A BC501A organic liquid scintillator and multi-moderator spectrometer with a ³He counter (Bonner ball) are used for spectrometry of transmitted neutrons and their energy spectra are obtained with the unfolding technique. The energy spectra from a few MeV up to a peak energy are obtained by the BC501A scintillator measurement and those below a few MeV down to thermal energy are obtained by the Bonner ball measurement. The measurements are performed on the neutron beam axis and at off-center positions, and attenuation profiles of neutron fluxes along the beam axis are obtained. The MORSE Monte Carlo calculations are performed with the DLC119/HIL086 multi-group cross section library for comparison with the measured data. The calculation generally gives a little overestimated fluxes, and a few % longer attenuation lengths of peak flux and dose equivalent.     

臭氧氧化法处理泡沫去污废液中有机质的初步研究

碱性泡沫去污技术实际应用中产生的废液,有机质含量高、发泡能力强,需要进行预处理才能按现有方法进行处理。本文运用臭氧氧化法对其进行预处理研究,初步探索了泡沫变化和有机质降解的规律。结果表明：臭氧对有机质有较强的氧化能力,泡沫的存在有利于有机质的降解;泡沫存在阶段,每克臭氧降解的化学需氧量（COD）与体系的泡沫量成正比;曝气盘孔径越小、臭氧浓度越低,体系泡沫总量、有机质的降解率、消耗每克臭氧降解的COD就越大,而曝气盘孔径的影响较大,臭氧混合气流量的影响不明显;随着臭氧通入量的增加,废液的COD值逐渐降低,但到臭氧过剩系数为1.5、COD降解率达80%时,COD降解率增长趋缓。     

A/A/O生物脱氮工艺在焦化废水处理中的应用

焦化废水组分复杂、生物难降解有机物含量高,是国内外废水处理领域的难题之一.在国内采用生化法处理焦化废水较为普遍,采用生物厌氧水解作为预处理手段可大幅度提高焦化废水的可生化性.合理规划企业内部用水系统,为处理后的焦化废水配置适当的回用途径,从而降低废水处理成本、实现废水资源化利用.     

紫外辐照对溶胶-凝胶光学薄膜性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶技术,使用旋涂方法在K9玻璃和单晶硅片上制备各种光学薄膜,并用紫外光源作为高能光子源辐照溶胶-凝胶光学薄膜。使用扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、椭偏仪、铅笔硬度仪等测量和分析薄膜的特性。用输出波长1 064 nm、脉宽15 ns电光调Q激光系统测试薄膜的激光损伤阈值。结果表明,紫外光辐照可提高薄膜折射率和机械性能。采用紫外预处理还能将节瘤缺陷转换成孔洞缺陷,从而有效提高薄膜的激光损伤阈值,其中,单层ZrO2薄膜的激光损伤阈值达到50.6 J/cm2(1 064 nm,1 ns)。与当前流行的激光预处理技术相比,紫外预处理的设备简单、易于操作。溶胶-凝胶多层膜经紫外光处理后,有效提高了多层膜膜层的均匀性。     

人工快速渗滤系统渗滤介质性质及其对氨氮去除能力的影响

文章通过对不同渗滤层中生物量、有机质、CEC(总阳离子交换容量)和对氨氮去除效果间关系的分析来讨论人工快速渗滤系统去除氨氮的机理.