桩筏基础共同作用的子结构分析法

以半解析半数值的有限层法和有限元为基础，运用子结构法建立桩筏基础共同作用的有效分析方法，算例表明了子结构法在桩筏基础共同作用分析中的有效性。     

长春辉达大厦筏形基础设计的若干问题

本文简要介绍了长春辉达大厦工程及地质概况，基础选型及内力计算、主楼与裙房连接处埋置深度不满足嵌固要求时作的特殊处理，以及地下水位以下筏形基础底板沉降缝处防水，防渗的处理方法．     

复合筏基础的理论和应用

本文提出了砂垫层──钢筋混凝土板复合筏基础的设计思想，给出了这种基础的三维力学模型及其相应的内力计算方法．根据微分方程的相似性，将复合筏核基础的内力分析转换为三种不同支承和受荷情况的弹性地基板的叠加，并且用有限元方法进行了具体计算．通过算例和工程实例比较了复合筏基础和传统片筏基础的受力特性和造价、结果表明。复合筏基础具有内力小和造价低等优点．具有良好的工程应用前景．     

Mimicking the Brain Extracellular Matrix in Vitro: A Review of Current Methodologies and Challenges

The brain's extracellular matrix (ECM), a 3-dimensional macromolecular network that supports cell growth and viability, has crucial roles in homeostasis and disease. Accurate recapitulation of the chemical, structural, and mechanical properties of the ECM in brain cell cultures is essential for the development of translatable in vitro models; however, thus far, this task has proven highly challenging. This review provides an in-depth discussion of this challenge, including an overview of the properties of the ECM that in vitro models should endeavour to capture, a survey of ECM analogues that are currently used for this purpose, and a discussion of the main hindrances to developing more effective ECM-like coating materials.     

Mitotic Diversity in Homeostatic Human Interfollicular Epidermis

Despite decades of skin research, regulation of proliferation and homeostasis in human epidermis is still insufficiently understood. To address the role of mitoses in tissue regulation, we utilized human long-term skin equivalents and systematically assessed mitoses during early epidermal development and long-term epidermal regeneration. We now demonstrate four different orientations: (1) horizontal, i.e., parallel to the basement membrane (BM) and suggestive of symmetric divisions; (2) oblique with an angle of 45°–70°; or (3) perpendicular, suggestive of asymmetric division. In addition, we demonstrate a fourth substantial fraction of suprabasal mitoses, many of which are committed to differentiation (Keratin K10-positive). As verified also for normal human skin, this spatial mitotic organization is part of the regulatory program of human epidermal tissue homeostasis. As a potential marker for asymmetric division, we investigated for Numb and found that it was evenly spread in almost all undifferentiated keratinocytes, but indeed asymmetrically distributed in some mitoses and particularly frequent under differentiation-repressing low-calcium conditions. Numb deletion (stable knockdown by CRISPR/Cas9), however, did not affect proliferation, neither in a three-day follow up study by life cell imaging nor during a 14-day culture period, suggesting that Numb is not essential for the general control of keratinocyte division.     

Optimized silyl ester diblock methacrylic copolymers: A new class of binders for chemically active antifouling coatings

This work focuses on the assessment of the erosion properties and antifouling (AF) performance of silyl ester copolymer-based coatings through laboratory and field tests. Silyl ester diblock copolymers were synthesized via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and were selected as binders for developing copper-free chemically active coatings. AF coatings were subsequently prepared using biocides (Sea-Nine™ 211, Preventol^® A4S, and zinc pyrithione). Laboratory-based bioassays, targeting the growth of selected microorganisms (bacteria and microalgae) and barnacle settlement, highlighted that the silyl ester methacrylic-based binders did not inhibit the growth of microorganisms, are essentially non-toxic to nauplii and reduced the settlement of Amphibalanus amphitrite cyprids. The corresponding biocidal coatings are potent toward bacteria and diatoms but were demonstrated to be toxic against the barnacle larvae. Field test results showed variations with geographical locations: in sub-tropical area, the silyl ester methacrylic-based coatings failed to inhibit the settlement of barnacles; however, field tests performed in Mediterranean Sea for 18 months demonstrated that biocidal silyl ester methacrylic-based coatings were promising candidates.     

Type of bacterial starter culture,aging and fermentation effects on some characteristics of inoculated beef sausages

Beef sausage mixes were inoculated with either Pediococcus acidilactici with Staphylococcus xylosus or P. acidilactici with S. carnosus, subdivided and then held for 0, 24, 48 or 72 h at 8–10 °C prior to fermentation. After aging (pre-fermentation holding), the mixes were fermented for 16 h ending at 41 °C. Moisture, protein and fat contents of all sausage mixes did not differ due to holding effects over all starter cultures. The pH of mixes followed the same pattern for all mixes, declining (p < 0.05) from approximately 5.8 to pH 5.2–5.3 at 72 h aging and to 4.4–4.5 after fermentation. Total acidity of the mixes followed an inverse pattern to pH, increasing (p < 0.05) after fermentation although there was no effect due to type of starter culture. Aging had no effect on nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) content as ΔNPN among all cultures. After fermentation, however, sausages held 72 h and inoculated with S. carnosus had higher NPN contents compared to P. acidilactici alone (p < 0.05) and with S. xylosus (p < 0.10). The same effects of starter cultures on changes in total amino acid concentration were observed. Concentrations of individual amino acids showed increases depending on pre-fermentation aging period (0 h versus 72 h) followed by fermentation.     

桩筏基础的相互作用系数解法及参数分析

采用积分方程法推导出求解桩–桩、桩–土和土–土间相互作用系数所需要的第二类Fredholm积分方程,利用叠加原理对桩筏基础进行计算分析,通过与常规弹性理论方法计算结果的比较验证了本文方法的正确性。最后对桩筏基础的沉降、各桩以及土之间的荷载分担情况进行了一系列的参数分析。此方法可以用来分析大规模桩筏基础,具有较好的工程应用前景。     

Self-Folding Graphene-Based Interface for Brain-Like Modular 3D Tissue (Adv. Funct. Mater. 37/2023)

Electrophysiology of 3D neuronal cultures is of rapidly growing importance for revealing cellular communications associated with neurodevelopment and neurological diseases in their brain-like 3D environment. Despite that the brain also exhibits an inherent modular architecture that is essential for cortical processing, it remains challenging to interface a modular network consisting of multiple 3D neuronal tissues. Here, a self-folding graphene-based electrode array is proposed that enables to reconstruct modular 3D neuronal tissue and investigate firing dynamics among moduli. A graphene-sandwiched parylene-C film self-folds into a cylindrical structure within which living cells can be encapsulated. Culture of encapsulated cells inside the folded graphene enables to spontaneously construct 3D cell aggregates and ensure firm contact between the graphene surface and encapsulated cells. As the inner graphene surface can be utilized as an electrode, the reliable cell–electrode contact allows for long-term electrical recording from multiple 3D aggregates. Additionally, the modular network consisting of multiple 3D aggregates exhibits richer firing patterns than a conventional homogenous 2D network, which demonstrates that the approach enables measurements of firing dynamics in complex 3D neuronal networks. The deformable graphene electrode will be a powerful platform for investigating complex cellular communications in brain-like 3D cultures.