米曲霉发酵所制大豆肽的分离纯化与抗氧化性研究

利用辐照诱发米曲霉孢子突变,筛选得到酶活力强且特异性高的米曲霉诱变菌株。利用米曲霉诱变菌株对豆腐皮加工后的剩余豆浆(下浆水)进行发酵,制备大豆肽的发酵液,发酵液经超滤和凝胶过滤进行分离纯化,采用铁离子还原抗氧化剂能力测定法(FRAP法)和二苯基苦基苯肼法(DPPH法)研究不同相对分子质量大豆肽的抗氧化能力。结果表明,相对分子质量在1 000～10 000范围内的大豆肽具有很好的抗氧化活性,其中抗氧化性和稳定性最好的大豆肽组分的相对分子质量在1 200～1 400之间。     

双重抗性筛选辅酶Q10高产菌株

以米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）Asp11为出发菌株,利用紫外线诱变处理,以制霉菌素和维生素K₃双抗性为筛选标记,获得制霉菌素抗性突变株Asp11-N006和制霉菌素及维生素K₃双重抗性突变株Asp11-N006-V01,其合成辅酶Q₁₀的能力较出发菌株显著提高。Asp11-N006和Asp11-N006-V01的辅酶Q₁₀产量分别为28.27mg/L和38.46mg/L,较出发菌株分别提高了0.34倍和0.82倍,且遗传性状稳定。     

米象和锯谷盗信息素收集物诱捕效果研究

应用连续气流收集法收集米象和锯谷盗的聚集信息素,并用正己烷对其淋洗.又通过圆盘诱捕法得到对两种害虫较好的淋洗液引诱剂量:米象为40μL,锯谷盗为50μL.米象淋洗液对雌雄虫都有较好的引诱效果,且对雌虫引诱效果比雄虫的好.将两种淋洗液1∶1混合也能很好地诱捕到米象和锯谷盗,显示出同种昆虫的淋洗液对同种成虫具有显著的引诱效果,但对其他种类的储粮害虫引诱效果不显著.     

Biosynthetic Machinery of 6-Hydroxymellein Derivatives Leading to Cyclohelminthols and Palmaenones

Oxygenated cyclopentene systems are unique structural motifs found in fungal polyketides such as terrein, cyclohelminthols, and palmaenones. Here we report the identification of the biosynthetic gene clusters for cyclohelminthols and palmaenones and the functional characterization of the polyketide synthases and halogenases involved in the construction of 6-hydroxymellein derivatives. Heterologous expression in Aspergillus oryzae demonstrated that 6-hydroxymellein is a common biosynthetic intermediate and that chlorination occurs in the early stages of its products’ biosynthesis. This was further confirmed by in vitro enzymatic reactions conducted in the presence of recombinant proteins. Plausible means of biogenesis of fungal polyketides from 6-hydroxymellein derivatives, additionally supported by the reported labeling patterns of terrein and structurally related fungal polyketides, are also discussed. This study sets the stage for elucidation of the biosynthetic machinery of fungal polyketides of this type.     

聚氨酯吸附固定米根霉发酵L-乳酸的优化

研究了用聚氨酯载体吸附固定米根霉进行L-乳酸发酵优化结果表明,实验条件下,载体粒径以3×3×3mm,尿素添加量以0.05%～0.1%,初始糖浓度以8%～10%,发酵温度33℃,通气量1 2vm为宜,碳酸钙应及时添加.葡萄糖的L.乳酸产率可达82.4%.     

Effect of canola meal fermentation and protein extraction method on the functional properties of resulting protein products

The present study investigated the effect of solid-state fermentation (SSF) of cold-pressed (CP) and hexane-extracted (HE) canola meals with Aspergillus niger NRRL 334 and Aspergillus oryzae NRRL 5590 on the functionalities of protein products extracted from them. After SSF, proteins were recovered using alkaline extraction-isoelectric precipitation (AE-IP) or salt extraction-dialysis (SE). SSF of the two meal types reduced the protein content of the extracts produced by AE-IP. There were varied effects to solubility, foaming, and emulsifying properties as a result of SSF under the combined influence of functionality pH, strain, meal type, and protein extraction method. The protein isolate produced from CP meal using SE had increased solubility at pH 7 (from 51.8% to 90.7%) when the meal was fermented with A. oryzae. Both strains resulted in an over twofold increase in the emulsifying activity index (at pH 7) of AE-IP products from CP meal. For both protein extraction methods, the protein products from A. niger fermented HE meal had better foaming capacity (FC) at pH 7 than the controls (non-fermented), but reduced FC at pH 3. Overall, regardless of meal fermentation, the SE products were richer in protein and had higher oil holding capacity (OHC), whereas the water holding capacity (WHC) was higher for AE-IP isolates. SSF of the meals generally improved the O/WHC of the extracted proteins. The findings suggest that canola protein functionality could be effectively modulated by SSF with different microbial strains under various processing conditions to enhance their applicability in the food industry.     

Ozone for Plant Pathological Applications

The effect of ozone on Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, a bacterium causing leaf blight disease in Paddy (Oryza sativa), was studied in culture. Viability of this pathogen was lost by flushing ozone at a flow rate of 300 ml/min for 3 minutes in culture condition. The inhibitory effect was dependant on cell concentration and time. With a cell concentration of 0.008 OD at 540 nm, the inhibition of the bacterium was total and no growth was observed in nutrient agar plates even after 36 hrs. With higher concentrations of cells (0.08 OD and above) the bacterium survived, though there was a bacteriostatic effect initially. Conductivity of the cell suspension increased after ozone treatment owing to altered cell membrane permeability and subsequent release of cellular contents. As the bacterium is seed borne, washing the paddy seeds with ozonized water would help control the bacterial blight of rice, the most serious disease of rice in Asia.     

Effect of l-cysteine modified ZnS quantum dots on the growth of Aspergillus oryzae

l-cysteine (L-cys) modified ZnS (LZS) quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized by a two-step way. The effects of LZS QDs on the phenotype, biomass, morphology and extracellular protein content of Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) were studied in detail for the first time. The results illustrated that both uncoated and coated QDs had a cubic blend ZnS structure, and the particle size was about 4.0 and 4.3 nm, respectively. It was found that LZS QDs acted as an activator to stimulate the growth of A. oryzae in both solid and liquid media, and the biomass with 50 μg/mL (25 μg/mL) QDs in solid (liquid) medium was the highest and was about 1.65 (3.74) times higher than that in control medium (without QDs). The data of ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) revealed that the protein concentration of A. oryzae was 824.904 and 467.748 μg/mL relating to liquid medium with and without QDs, respectively. This work can provide a new way to increase the production of A. oryzae or microorganisms.     

丝瓜络固定化米根霉催化光皮树油制备生物柴油

近年来,全细胞生物催化剂应用于生物柴油生产的研究引起了人们的极大关注,全细胞催化剂的制备过程可省去烦琐的酶纯化过程和降低催化剂的制备成本,且全细胞催化剂使用寿命较长。本研究对一株高产脂肪酶的米根霉进行了固定化研究,并将其应用于生物柴油的制备。首先筛选不同的生物基固定化材料,探索其适宜的固定化条件,以获得的固定化米根霉作为全细胞催化剂催化光皮树油制备生物柴油,探讨了转酯化条件对生物柴油得率的影响。研究结果表明,丝瓜络作为固定化材料的固载率最高,以橄榄油作为碳源,多聚蛋白胨和NaNO₃作为复合氮源,获得的固定化细胞的固载率及脂肪酶活性最强。以丝瓜络固定化米根霉催化光皮树油,在含水量为10%、催化剂用量为12%的反应体系中,总醇油摩尔比为4∶1,甲醇分别在0h、10h、24h、40h以1∶1添加,甲酯得率可达94%以上。固定化全细胞重复使用6次后,转酯化效果依然保持在80%以上。