L-氨基酰化酶产生菌的筛选及其固态发酵工艺

从13株米曲霉菌株中筛选到一株产氨基酰化酶活力较高的米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）W0607，以米曲霉w0607为生产菌固态发酵生产氨基酰化酶，较适的培养基组成和培养条件为；麸皮7．0g，豆饼粉3．0g，蛋白胨0．3g，水11mL，PH值6．5，发酵温度28℃，发酵周期约48h．在此条件下，米曲霉W0607的氨基酰化酶产率为400u／g左右．     

L-乳酸米根霉发酵体系LDH活力及代谢调控研究

乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)是米根霉代谢生产L-乳酸过程的关键酶，研究其在发酵过程中的活力变化，从酶水平分析发酵条件对L-乳酸发酵的影响，对米根霉发酵生产L-乳酸的人工代谢调节、菌种选育具有重要意义。本文研究了摇瓶条件下的米根霉AS3．1208发酵体系中乳酸脱氢酶的活力调控条件及与L-乳酸即时产率的关系，结果表明，发酵体系中L-乳酸产率与LDH活力在36～40h时最高。葡萄糖作为C源的L-乳酸产率与LDH活力比甘薯淀粉高。与牛肉膏和蛋白胨相比，硫酸铵是米根霉代谢的最佳N源，0．40％的硫酸铵具有较高的乳酸产率与LDH活力。发酵培养基中添加CaCO3与否，对乳酸产率与LDH活力有极大影响。以甘薯淀粉为碳源，在250ml三角瓶中的装液量为100ml，发酵36～40h时的L-乳酸即时产率最大，此时LDH活力也最高。     

新型功能性红曲调味品的研究

本研究以红曲霉，米曲霉为菌种，用不同配比的大米，豆粕，麸皮等为原料，分别进行单菌种及混合菌种培养，培养成熟后，并对其进行发酵，结果表明：可用大米，豆粕为原料培养红曲，米豆比例1．5：1，温度30℃，培养时间6d时为最佳。以红曲霉，米曲霉混合菌种培养，原料以米：豆粕：麸皮比例为1：2：1，温度30℃，培养时间3d为最佳。通过对两种发酵比较：混合菌种培养发酵工艺酿制的新型调味品，在感官及理化指标等方面均优于单菌种培养混合发酵工艺所酿制的调味品。℃     

湘西原香醋主要糖化菌分离及双菌种制曲研究

湘西原香醋采用传统酿造工艺,有大量微生物参与糖化。试验从其醋醅中分离黑曲霉、米曲霉等主要糖化菌,并通过不同条件下黑曲霉与米曲霉双菌种制曲的糖化酶活力变化分析,探讨接种比例、曲料含水量、培养温度、培养时间等因素对制曲效果的影响。结果表明:接种比例为1∶1,制曲温度33℃,曲料含水量90%,制曲时间48h时糖化酶活力高达1849U/g,比自然制曲提高约74%。双菌种制曲既能缩短制曲时间、提高原料利用率,而且保留了传统酿造工艺特色。     

N~+注入诱变选育氨肽酶高产菌株及发酵条件初步优化

通过N+注入米曲霉WJ05-1,筛选得到2株氨肽酶活力提高了30%的高产菌株M60-5-13和M80-10-7,经多次传代实验表明2菌株遗传稳定性良好。对M80-10-7的发酵条件,如碳氮源及浓度、起始pH、发酵时间和表面活性剂等进行了初步优化,进一步使产酶水平提高了77.5%。     

米曲霉M3产蛋白酶特性研究

对比了本课题组从自然发酵的豆酱中分离的三株蛋白酶活力较高的菌株，对其中蛋白酶活力最高的菌株M3的菌丝和孢子形态进行了观察，初步判断为米曲霉，并对其培养条件进行了探索。结果表明：M3在培养基组成为麸皮：葡萄糖：水=9：1：5的条件下，接种3mL孢子菌悬液，28℃培养72h时酶活最高。     

Effect of pro‐oxidants on biodegradation of polyethylene (LDPE) by indigenous fungal isolate,Aspergillus oryzae

Proxidant additives represent a promising solution to the problem of the environment contamination with polyethylene film litter. Pro‐oxidants accelerate photo‐ and thermo‐oxidation and consequent polymer chain cleavage rendering the product apparently more susceptible to biodegradation. In the present study, fungal strain, Aspergillus oryzae isolated from HDPE film (buried in soil for 3 months) utilized abiotically treated polyethylene (LDPE) as a sole carbon source and degraded it. Treatment with pro‐oxidant, manganese stearate followed by UV irradiation and incubation with A. oryzae resulted in maximum decrease in percentage of elongation and tensile strength by 62 and 51%, respectively, compared with other pro‐oxidant treated LDPE films which showed 45% (titanium stearate), 40% (iron stearate), and 39% (cobalt stearate) decrease in tensile strength. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of proxidant treated LDPE films revealed generation of more number of carbonyl and carboxylic groups (1630–1840 cm⁻¹ and 1220–1340 cm⁻¹) compared with UV treated film. When these films were incubated with A. oryzae for 3 months complete degradation of carbonyl and carboxylic groups was achieved. Scanning electron microscopy of untreated and treated LDPE films also revealed that polymer has undergone degradation after abiotic and biotic treatments. This concludes proxidant treatment before UV irradiation accelerated photo‐oxidation of LDPE, caused functional groups to be generated in the polyethylene film and this resulted in biodegradation due to the consumption of carbonyl and carboxylic groups by A. oryzae which was evident by reduction in carbonyl peaks. Among the pro‐oxidants, manganese stearate treatment caused maximum degradation of polyethylene. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

5种植物精油对长头谷盗的控制作用研究

选取小茴香、肉桂、丁香、辣椒和生姜精油,研究其对长头谷盗的控制作用.结果表明:(1)5种精油对长头谷盗均具有显著的驱避活性,其中丁香和生姜精油的5个试验浓度(1∶1、1∶10、1∶15、1∶20和1∶50)对长头谷盗的驱避效果最好,处理60h后,其驱避活性均达到Ⅴ级,72 h后,其驱避活性分别仍达到Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级;(2)小茴香、肉桂和丁香精油对长头谷盗有明显的触杀作用,其中处理最低浓度(1∶50)的肉桂时,长头谷盗的死亡率仍在60％以上;辣椒和生姜精油的触杀活性较弱,5个试验浓度对长头谷盗的死亡率几乎为零;(3)5种精油对长头谷盗均无明显的熏蒸作用.     

Isolation and Characterisation of a Ferrirhodin Synthetase Gene from the Sugarcane Pathogen Fusarium sacchari

FSN1, a gene isolated from the sugar‐cane pathogen Fusarium sacchari, encodes a 4707‐residue nonribosomal peptide synthetase consisting of three complete adenylation, thiolation and condensation modules followed by two additional thiolation and condensation domain repeats. This structure is similar to that of ferricrocin synthetase, which makes a siderophore that is involved in intracellular iron storage in other filamentous fungi. Heterologous expression of FSN1 in Aspergillus oryzae resulted in the accumulation of a secreted metabolite that was identified as ferrirhodin. This siderophore was found to be present in both mycelium and culture filtrates of F. sacchari, whereas ferricrocin is found only in the mycelium, thus suggesting that ferricrocin is an intracellular storage siderophore in F. sacchari, whereas ferrirhodin is used for iron acquisition. To our knowledge, this is the first report to characterise a ferrirhodin synthetase gene functionally.     

米曲霉蛋白酶动力学特性的研究

研究了在不同底物浓度、温度和pH下米曲霉蛋白酶水解酪蛋白产生酪氨酸的动力学特性。在反应时间为10min时,最佳反应温度为50℃,最佳反应pH为9。实验表明米曲霉蛋白酶水解酪蛋白生成酪氨酸的反应符合米氏方程,根据实验数据回归得到温度为40℃时的速度方程为r=0.243CS/0.0282+CS,反应速度与氢离子浓度的关系为r=lgCH++3.14013/0.19759+0.05484(lgCH++3.14013)+(lgCH++3.14013)2。该蛋白酶在50℃下的失活规律符合双指数模型,相对酶活力与时间的关系为a=0.82531e(-0.02169t)+0.17469e(-0.41914t)。在4～50℃的范围内,蛋白酶水解反应的活化能Ea为30.67kJ。还研究了不同化学组分对蛋白酶活力的影响,发现10mmol/L的H3BO3和Mg2+对该蛋白酶有一定的激活作用,而EDTA、SDS、Zn2+、Mn2+和Sn2+对蛋白酶有明显的抑制作用,10mmol/L的H2O2对该蛋白酶的抑制作用不明显。