从近现代中文文字变革与活字排印发展看现代中文版面肌理的形成

目的 梳理现代中文版面肌理的成因,从不同角度对近现代中文版面肌理进行质性分析,为当代的更广义的基于规则的文字设计提供基础和依据。方法 在现代铅活字中文排印法诞生于中国并发展成熟于东亚三国的一百多年时间里,中文版面肌理受到语言体式变革、正文字体与字形变化、中西文混排、新式标点符号的采用以及标点行内化、直排书写转为横排书写等方面因素的影响,从而逐渐演变为当今的样态。在这种演变过程中,现代中文版面与古典版面有了极大差别,版面肌理以及基本组版逻辑都发生了本质性的改变。结论 对上述因素的分析论述,总结出现代中文版面肌理具体体现为一种等高、等宽、等距的汉字为主体的文本,其中包含了变高、变宽、变距的非汉字字符;在两端对齐的总体格局下,为了保证标点避首尾禁则,根据标点符号占宽进行有规律的调整而达到一种动态平衡。     

版面怀旧感设计的意义和方法

目的探究版面怀旧感设计的意义和方法。方法分析集个性、文化、信赖元素为一体而具有怀旧感共鸣作用的版面,提出怀旧感版面设计应着重从版面的色彩、图形、字体、排版、材料及肌理等方面进行怀旧元素的集成设计。结论怀旧是人们在生活中不断追求的情感需求,版面中怀旧感设计也将是设计师值得研究的永恒课题。版面设计的怀旧需求随着人们审美意识的改变和提高而有所突破和发展,设计者的方法应从书籍、电影、电视、多媒体等各种媒介上得到新的启发,注重传统文化与现代审美的有机结合,通过版面设计中的色彩、图形、字体及排版、材料及肌理4种表现方法来营造怀旧效果,使消费者在怀旧感消费的驱使下全面提升版面的阅读价值与欣赏价值,进而实现版面设计在形成个性化、体现文化性、产生信赖感3个方面的价值。     

复杂组合形态整体认知一致性研究

目的 研究汽车车身与车轮搭配的形式审美一致性问题。方法 提出了一种“审美匹配临界值法”。以SUV车型为例,在处理车型A与轮型B认知一致性问题时,通过k-means聚类算法对样本A进行聚类分析,找出典型样本所在的簇群。对该簇群的B部件进行形态学分析,找出有影响力的B部件造型设计因素的典型特征。采用对应分析,通过感知实验,对设计特征进行分析,找出AB匹配范围。结果 通过实验,得到了6个有影响力的轮毂设计特征范围。并通过感知实验得到了反映SUV车型与轮毂匹配的感知评分范围。在这个范围内,车型A与轮毂B在视觉审美上的匹配更加和谐。结论 提出的研究形态最佳审美匹配临界值方法,可以用来研究复杂组合产品之间的匹配关系或者匹配质量, 帮助设计师、企业或个人寻找合适的解决方案。     

Optimal stack layout in a sea container terminal with automated lifting vehicles

Container terminal performance is largely determined by its design decisions, which include the number and type of quay cranes, stack cranes, transport vehicles, vehicle travel path and stack layout. We investigate the orientation of the stack layout (parallel or perpendicular to the quayside) on the throughput time performance of the terminals. Previous studies in this area typically use deterministic optimisation, and a few studies use probabilistic travel times and simulation to analyse the effect of stack layout on terminal throughput times. In this research, we capture the stochasticity with an integrated queuing network modelling approach to analyse the performance of container terminals with parallel stack layout using automated lifting vehicles. Using this analytical model, we investigate 1008 parallel stack layout configurations on throughput times and determine the optimal stack layout configuration. We find that, assuming an identical width of the internal transport area, container terminals with parallel stack layout perform better (from 4–12% in terms of container throughput times) than terminals with a perpendicular stack layout.     

Automatic translation of plant data into management performance metrics: a case for real-time and predictive production control

A scalable and repeatable solution for linking shop-floor control system to a discrete event simulation (DES) model is presented. The key objective is to automatically translate the real-time data from the control system (e.g. supervisory control and data acquisition, SCADA) into KPI transfer functions of the production process. Such a seamless translation allows for the integration of engineering data emitted at plant level to higher level information system for decision-making. The solution provides a platform for researchers and practitioners to utilise the capabilities of real-time DAQ and control with that of discrete event simulation to accurately measure the key manufacturing systems performance metrics. In addition to the real-time capabilities, the predictive capabilities of the solution provide the managers to look ahead and to conduct What-if scenarios. Such capability enables line management to optimise performance and predict destabilising factors in the system ahead of time. A fully operational version of the designed solution has been deployed in a brewery’s live production system for the first time. The brewhouse production line model measures the utilisation of resources, Overall Equipment Effectiveness, and Overall Line Effectiveness in real-time and fast-forward mode simulation. The results of the predictive models (What-if-Scenarios) have been validated and verified by statistical means and direct observations. The accuracy of the estimated parameters is highly satisfactory.     

A similarity score-based two-phase heuristic approach to solve the dynamic cellular facility layout for manufacturing systems

The dynamic cellular facility layout problem (DCFLP) is a well-known NP-hard problem. It has been estimated that the efficient design of DCFLP reduces the manufacturing cost of products by maintaining the minimum material flow among all machines in all cells, as the material flow contributes around 10–30% of the total product cost. However, being NP hard, solving the DCFLP optimally is very difficult in reasonable time. Therefore, this article proposes a novel similarity score-based two-phase heuristic approach to solve the DCFLP optimally considering multiple products in multiple times to be manufactured in the manufacturing layout. In the first phase of the proposed heuristic, a machine–cell cluster is created based on similarity scores between machines. This is provided as an input to the second phase to minimize inter/intracell material handling costs and rearrangement costs over the entire planning period. The solution methodology of the proposed approach is demonstrated. To show the efficiency of the two-phase heuristic approach, 21 instances are generated and solved using the optimization software package LINGO. The results show that the proposed approach can optimally solve the DCFLP in reasonable time.     

小型数据中心机房布局及气流组织研究

以实际项目的机房为例,通过CFD模拟的方法研究小型机房的合理布局形式,分析各形式下的温度和速度分布情况,利用热环境评价指标来评价冷却效果,并对刚投入使用的机房进行了实验测试。研究表明,敞开式冷热通道的两侧和顶部都存在冷热空气掺混现象,降低了冷空气的利用效率;在机房尺寸允许的情况下,空调送风方向应与冷热通道平行,布置机架时应尽量增加每排的机柜数量;当机房发热量较小时,冬季室外空气的自然冷量可以满足冷却要求;封闭冷通道的方式可以减少冷空气短路,提高冷却效率。     

科学试验系统界面布局设计

目的研究科学试验系统界面布局设计方法,提升科研技术人员交互效率和工作有效性。方法通过分析科学试验系统界面的交互任务,提取了明确的设计需求,以某精密科学试验系统界面为案例,根据视觉认知规律和交互操作习惯,采用眼动记录仪试验数据进行界面布局设计。结果提出了一套涵盖科学试验系统界面结构设计、界面模式设计和单一界面中各模块单元布局设计的方法流程。结论使用该布局方法得到界面布局方案,通过对设计方案用户满意度评估验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于认知特性的信息界面布局美度评价

目的 提出一种基于认知特性的信息界面布局美度评价方法,提高信息界面布局的合理性及评估结果的客观性。方法 根据视觉信息加工过程和视觉注意原理构建信息界面“布局—认知”的映射关系,结合软件工程领域的质量评估模型的构建逻辑,推导度量指标并建立信息界面布局美度评估模型,利用层次分析法计算各度量指标的权重,构建信息界面美度的综合评价方法。结论 以某数控机床的刀具补偿操作界面为例,通过等级排序法验证了该方法能够准确、客观地反映信息界面布局的美度情况。该方法具有较高的通用性,为信息界面布局方案的选择提供了一套客观量化的决策依据,辅助设计师对界面布局的分析与微调,从而避免设计优化上的盲目修改和创新。