Activation of Ni/A12O3 catalysts through modification of the Al2O3 support

The effect of alumina pretreatment on the performance of alumina supported nickel catalysts was demonstrated in gas phase hydrogenation of toluene to methylcyclohexane. The state of the alumina was changed from pure to pure phase through various heat treatments in air. The catalysts were prepared from vapor phase by saturating the accessible binding sites on the pretreated alumina with the nickel precursor. The highest number of active sites for hydrogenation was observed for catalysts prepared on alumina having an incomplete phase transition and a / alumina phase ratio between 0.5 and 10. Results from temperature programmed desorption (TPD) studies revealed that a maximum in weakly chemisorbed hydrogen as well as in total amount of desorbed hydrogen was found for the same catalysts. By hydrogen chemisorption studies the total hydrogen uptake was found to correlate with the observed hydrogenation maximum. It is suggested that both the chemical and physical properties of the alumina influence the activity. An optimal metal-support interaction and structural defects on the alumina due to the phase transition can explain the observed maximum in the number of active sites and in hydrogen uptake.     

异丁烯在弹性体中的应用和发展

本文介绍了异丁烯在异丁烯橡胶、丁基橡胶、异丁烯／对甲基苯乙烯橡胶、热塑性弹性体及异成二烯单体中的应用和发展。     

A low‐profile antenna with circularly polarized reconfigurable and omnidirectional radiation patterns

A low profile circularly polarized (CP) antenna with reconfigurable polarization is designed and presented, which can radiate omnidirectional patterns that can be switched between left‐hand circularly polarized (LHCP) and right‐hand circularly polarized (RHCP). A pair of arc‐shaped complementary dipoles is acted as reconfigurable elements by bridging four pin diodes at the dipole arced arms. A meander phase shift line is employed to connected the arc dipole arms and plate cavity to adjust the phase relationship of two sources. The proposed antenna exhibits the omnidirectional radiation pattern by combining six identical elements placed in a circular array configuration. 24 p‐i‐n diodes are exploited to six elements, by manipulating the dc bias voltage across the diodes, the polarization state of the antenna can be switched. The patterns of the antenna are similar to that of a dipole, but its size is only about Φ0.87 × 0.029λ₀ at 5.8 GHz. The overlapped bandwidth of measured 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) and 10‐dB return loss is 5.724‐5.87 and 5.738‐5.91 GHz for two polarization states, which are right on the target of ISM band. It can be well adapted to medical diagnosis systems.     

One pot synthesis of nano Ag in calcium alginate beads and its catalytic application in p‐Nitrophenol reduction with kinetic parameter estimation and model fitting

In this work, one step process of synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Agnp) embedded in insitu formed calcium alginate (CA) beads is stated. CA, formed from the reaction between sodium alginate and calcium hydroxide, acts as reducing and stabilizing agent as well as support for nanoparticles. The reaction mechanism for the formation and stabilization of Agnp is proposed where the vicinal dihydroxy groups of alginate are assumed to act as the reducing agent for Ag⁺ to Ag°. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) were used to characterize the Agnp. The formation of spherical nanoparticles with average size range of 4‐5 nm was confirmed by TEM. Catalytic activity of this nano silver‐calcium alginate (Agnp‐CA) composite was evaluated in the reduction of p‐nitrophenol. Concentrations of sodium alginate, calcium hydroxide, and AgNO₃ are found to be the parameters that critically affect the synthesis of Agnp. The efficacy of the catalyst is expressed on the basis of suitable reaction parameters. Both pseudo‐homogeneous and heterogeneous kinetic models are proposed for the reaction to find the best model and the Eley‐Riedel model is found to fit well with the experimental data. The novelty of this work is that the tandem process of CA bead formation, Agnp formation, and Agnp entrapment in CA have been transformed into a single‐step process. Moreover, elaborations of each step of the ionic mechanisms of Agnp formation and p‐NP reduction with Agnp and the establishment of a heterogeneous kinetic model for the reaction are reported for the first time here.     

TiCp/Al预制块在Mg中熔化过程研究

将TiCp／Al预制块以不同的工艺加入到Mg液中进行熔化试验。结果表明，未搅拌时TiCp／Al预制块在800℃的Mg液中保温60min后仍不熔化，采用合适的搅拌工艺可使TiCp／Al预制块熔化，并且使TiC粒子在熔体中均匀分布。TiCp／Al预制块在Mg液中的熔化过程机理为：基体Al通过熔化和对淹扩散进入到Mg液中，TiC粒子间的结合力需通过搅拌产生的剪切力才能破坏，并随Mg液流动进入到Mg液中，机械搅拌可使TiC粒子Mg液中均匀分布。     

固溶处理冷却速度对6061Al/SiCp复合材料阻尼特性的影响

采用喷射共沉积方法制备6061Al/SiCp金属基复合材料(MMC),研究了固溶处理的冷却制度对其阻尼性能的影响.结果表明热处理状态不同的材料,常温下阻尼基本无差异,高温下阻尼则显著不同,超过160℃后,所有试样的阻尼能力均接近或超过1×10-2以上;适当选用冷却能力比水强的冷却介质可获得更高的阻尼性能,但阻尼能力与冷却速度并不存在线性关系.在本文的试验范围内,内耗的应变振幅效应不明显.位错阻尼机制和高温下的位错及界面阻尼机制对这种材料的阻尼性能起主要作用.     

基于零件族的工艺变型设计研究

提出了支持工艺变型的产品结构建模和信息建模的方法，建立了支持工艺设计的零件族工艺模型．研究了基于零件族的工艺变型设计实现技术。     

SiCp/ZA27复合材料在预变形-半固态等温热处理过程中的组织演变

对SiCp/ZA27复合材料锭料在250℃进行了不同程度的压缩变形，研究了经变形的复合材料在半固态温度460℃等温热处理过程中组织的演变过程。结果表明：随着形量的增大，复合材料原来发达的树枝晶逐渐变为粗短枝晶和等轴晶；在热处理过程中，变形的树枝晶因晶间共晶组织的溶入而快速合并长大，形成无晶界或少晶界的相互连接的组织，将原晶界处的SiCp裹入晶粒内，随后，剩余共晶组织开始熔化并向回复与再结晶所形成的多涟形晶界浸渗，造成组织分离，当压缩比大于10％时，形成相互独立的多边形晶粒，后经球状化形成球状晶粒，同时，将SiCp返还于固态晶粒间的液相中；而压缩比小于10％时，则形成相互连接的不规则组织；随着变形量的增大，上述演变过程加快,球状化刚完成时的晶粒尺寸变小、圆整度提高；球状化完成之后，因有效液相率低，晶粒的粗化现象较为明显。     

Beneficial Effects of Rhenium Additions on the Cyclic-Oxidation Resistance of β-NiAl + α-Cr Alloys

This study reports the effects of up to 4 at.%rhenium addition on the cyclicoxidation behavior of-NiAl + -Cr alloys having a basecomposition (in at.%) Ni-40Al-17Cr. Tests were conductedin still air at 1100°C for up to 250 1-hr cycles.The ternary alloy (without rhenium addition) exhibitedpoor cyclic-oxidation resistance, undergoing extensivescale spallation and internal oxidation. Additions of rhenium considerably improved the oxidationbehavior, reducing the extent of both scale spallationand internal oxidation. These beneficial effectsincreased with increasing rhenium content. Rhenium additions improved cyclic-oxidation resistanceby both decreasing the solubility of chromium in the phase and causing the interdendritic -Crprecipitates in the alloy microstructure to become more spheroidized and disconnected. Theseeffects aided in preventing both interdendritic attackand the dissolution of the -Cr precipitates fromthe subsurface region of the alloy. The maintenance of -Cr precipitates at the alloy-scaleinterface decreased the extent of scale spallation byproviding a lower coefficient of thermal-expansion (CTE)mismatch between the alloy and theAl₂O₃-rich scale.     

Examination of wire electrical discharge machining of Al2O3p/6061Al composites

Alumina particle reinforced 6061 aluminum matrix composites (Al₂O₃p/6061Al) have excellent physical and chemical properties than those of a traditional metal; however, their poor machinability lead to worse surface quality and serious cutting tool wear. In this study, wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is adopted in machining Al₂O₃p/6061Al composite. In the experiments, machining parameters of pulse-on time were changed to explore their effects on machining performance, including the cutting speed, the width of slit and surface roughness. Moreover, the wire electrode is easily broken during the machining Al₂O₃p/6061Al composite, so this work comprehensively investigates into the locations of the broken wire and the reason of wire breaking.The experimental results indicate that the cutting speed (material removal rate), the surface roughness and the width of the slit of cutting test material significantly depend on volume fraction of reinforcement (Al₂O₃ particles). Furthermore, bands on the machined surface for cutting 20 vol.% Al₂O₃p/6061Al composite are easily formed, basically due to some embedded reinforcing Al₂O₃ particles on the surface of 6061 aluminum matrix, interrupt the machining process. Test results reveal that in machining Al₂O₃p/6061Al composites a very low wire tension, a high flushing rate and a high wire speed are required to prevent wire breakage; an appropriate servo voltage, a short pulse-on time, and a short pulse-off time, which are normally associated with a high cutting speed, have little effect on the surface roughness.