Roles of interaction between components in CZZA/HZSM-5 catalyst for dimethyl ether synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation

The roles of interaction between two catalyst components in CuO–ZnO–ZrO₂–Al₂O₃ (CZZA)/HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst for dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis via carbon dioxide hydrogenation were investigated. It was found that CZZA catalyst showed excellent stability during methanol (MeOH) synthesis for 100 h, while there was a severe loss of catalytic activity in the bifunctional catalyst for DME synthesis. Hence, the effects of different degrees of intimacy of two catalyst components were studied for DME synthesis, including mixed and separated modes. For the mixed mode, the particle size of catalysts and the amount of reaction intermediates were proven to influence the catalyst deactivation. For the separated mode, the catalysts showed rapid deactivation within a short time. Various characterizations indicated that the remarkable deactivation of separated mode was mainly caused by the decrease of copper active centers (e.g., sintering and oxidation) and blockage of acid sites via increased coke deposition on HZSM-5.     

Modeling the Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether using Artificial Neural Networks

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are designed and implemented to model the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from syngas over a commercial catalyst system. The predictive power of the ANNs is assessed by comparison with the predictions of a lumped model parameterized to fit the same data used for ANN training. The ANN training converges much faster than the parameter estimation of the lumped model, and the predictions show a higher degree of accuracy under all conditions. Furthermore, the simulations show that the ANN predictions are also accurate even at some conditions beyond the validity range.     

二乙二醇醚马来酸酯钙/锌热稳定剂的制备及应用研究

以马来酸酐和二乙二醇醚为原料在无催化剂条件下制得二乙二醇醚马来酸酯（MD）,此分子结构中具有酯基、醚键及碳碳双键,将此中间产物分别与乙酸钙、乙酸锌反应,制得二乙二醇醚马来酸酯钙/锌盐（MD?Ca/Zn）。通过傅里叶红外测试分析了热稳定剂产物的结构,分子中含有醚键、酯基、碳碳双键、羧酸盐结构,可作为PVC主效热稳定剂。通过刚果红法、热老化法、热失重法、电导率等检测方法,和市售硬脂酸钙/锌进行对比,验证了热稳定效果及性能,分析了热稳定机理,同时探究了与辅助热稳定剂β?二酮（硬脂酰苯甲酰甲烷）的协同作用。结果表明,当MD?Ca/Zn=2∶1（质量比,下同）时,对PVC的热稳定效果最好;初期白度可以达到40 min,静态热稳定时间为35 min;与热稳定剂总质量10 %的β?二酮复配后PVC的热稳定性能还可进一步提升。     

基于Aspen Plus的聚甲氧基二甲醚精馏过程模拟分析

在装有θ环填料的精馏塔内进行了聚甲氧基二甲醚精馏实验。利用化工流程模拟软件.AspenPlus对聚甲氧基二甲醚精馏过程进行模拟,首先,采用DsTWU简捷蒸馏模型,运用软件中NRTL、WILSON、UNIQUAC,3种物性方法对精馏塔进行了计算,得到了回流比、塔板数和温度等操作参数。接着,采用RadFrac严格精馏模型对精馏塔进行了验证,其计算结果与实验结果吻合良好,满足工艺要求。最后,对精馏塔的操作变量进行了灵敏度分析,讨论了进料位置、进料流率和回流比等参数对精馏分离要求与能耗的影响,并确定了最优化方案,即:进料板为第50块,进料流率为35 mol/h,回流比为6。     

纤维素醚改性水泥浆的粘度变化研究

增稠是纤维素醚对水泥基材料的重要改性效果。研究了纤维素醚掺量、粘度仪旋转速度和温度对纤维素醚改性水泥浆粘度变化的影响。结果表明:纤维素醚掺量增加,水泥浆的粘度不断增加,纤维素醚溶液和水泥浆的粘度具有"复合叠加效应";纤维素醚改性水泥浆的假塑性低于纯水泥浆,粘度仪的旋转速度越低,或纤维素醚改性水泥浆的粘度越低,或纤维素醚掺量越低,纤维素醚改性水泥浆的假塑性越明显;温度升高,由于温度和水泥水化的共同作用,纤维素醚改性水泥浆的粘度会增加或降低。纤维素醚的种类不同,其改性水泥浆的粘度变化规律存在差异。     

Thermodynamic studies on the complete phase diagram of aqueous two phase system containing polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 2000 and di-potassium hydrogen phosphate at different temperatures

The liquid-liquid equilibrium of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 2000 (PEGDME₂₀₀₀)+K₂HPO₄+H₂O system has been determined experimentally at T=(298.15,303.15,308.15 and 318.15) K. The liquid-solid and complete phase diagram of this system was also obtained at T=(298.15 and 308.15) K. A nonlinear temperature dependent equation was successfully used for the correlation of the experimental binodal data. Furthermore, a temperature dependent Setschenow-type equation was successfully used for the correlation of the tie-lines of the studied system. Moreover, the effect of temperature on the binodal curves and the tie-lines for the investigated aqueous two-phase system have been studied. Also, the free energies of cloud points for this system and some previously studied systems containing PEGDME₂₀₀₀ were calculated from which it was concluded that the increase of the entropy is the driving force for formation of aqueous two-phase systems. Additionally, the calculated free energies for phase separation of the studied systems were used to investigate the salting-out ability of the salts having different anions. Furthermore, the complete phase diagram of the investigated system was compared with the corresponding phase diagrams of previously studied systems, in which the PEGDME₂₀₀₀ has been used, in order to obtain some information regarding the phase behavior of these PEGDME₂₀₀₀+salt+water systems.     

Corrosion resistant and adsorbent plasma polymerized thin film

Adsorbent and corrosion resistant films are useful for sensor development. Therefore, the aim of this work is the production and characterization of plasma polymerized fluorinated organic ether thin films for sensor development. The polymerized reactant was methyl nonafluoro(iso)butyl ether. Infrared Spectroscopy showed fluorinated species and eventually CO but CH_n is a minor species. Contact angle measurements indicated that the film is hydrophobic and organophilic but oleophobic. Optical microscopy reveals not only a good adherence on metals and acrylic but also resistance for organic solvents, acid and basic aqueous solution exposure. Double layer and intermixing are possible and might lead to island formation. Quartz Crystal Microbalance showed that 2-propanol permeates the film but there is no sensitivity to n-hexane. The microreactor manufactured using a 73 cm long microchannel can retain approximately 9 × 10⁻⁴ g/cm² of 2-propanol in vapor phase. Therefore, the film is a good candidate for preconcentration of volatile organic compounds even in corrosive environment.     

微波辐射四丁基溴化铵催化合成肉桂酸苄酯

研究了以肉桂酸钠和氯化苄为原料，四丁基溴化铵作催化剂，采用微波辐射技术，在常压下直接合成肉桂酸苄酯，以及催化剂用量、微波辐射功率和辐射时间对酯产率的影响。最适宜的反应条件为：当n(肉桂酸钠)／n(氯化苄)为1：1．2时，四丁基溴化铵的用量1．0g，微波功率300W，辐射25min，产率达83％以上。     

以对氨基苯甲酸乙酯为端基的酰胺型开链冠醚的合成与表征

以对氨基苯甲酸乙酯为端基合成了3种酰胺型开链冠醚,并通过IR、^1HNMR、MS和元素分析确证了它们的结构.