Effects and properties of poly(arylene ether benzonitrile)s of various molecular weights blended with sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)

Poly(arylene ether benzonitrile) (PAEBN) was synthesized with 2,6‐dichlorobenzonitrile and biphenol. PAEBNs with various molecular weights (MWs), 1,640,000 and 185,000 g/mol, were synthesized by control of the stoichiometry of the monomers and were blended with sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK). The effects of MW on the water uptake, swelling, methanol permeability, and proton conductivity of the SPEEK/PAEBN blend membranes were investigated. The molecular mobility of the SPEEK/PAEBN blends was also examined in this study. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Performance of the polymer- and oxide-supported triphase catalysts and effect of ultrasound on their stabilities

In this study, several trialkylamines were immobilized on chloromethylated polystyrene (CMPS), silica gel, and alumina to prepare triphase catalysts for catalyzing the etherification reaction of allyl bromide (the organic reactant) and sodium phenolate (the aqueous reactant). The reactor was agitated mechanically or with the aid of ultrasonic vibration. Performances of the prepared catalysts were compared, and the effect of imposing ultrasound was investigated based on the activity, selectivity, and stability of the catalyst. Experimental results show that tri-n-propylamine is the best active species when CMPS is used as the support, while tri-n-butylamine is the best when SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ are employed as the supports. The CMPS-supported catalyst is far better than the SiO₂- and Al₂O₃-supported catalysts in activity and selectivity but not in stability. Imposing the ultrasound can effectively increase the reaction rate. Mechanical agitation at a low speed with the imposition of ultrasonic vibration not only results in a conversion slightly higher than the case with a high mechanical agitation speed without ultrasonic vibration, but also gives a constant stability for the CMPS-supported catalyst.     

催化氧化法合成脂肪醇醚羧酸盐的研究进展

详细介绍了氮氧自由基催化氧化法和贵金属催化氧化法合成脂肪醇醚羧酸盐。氮氧自由基催化时,反应温度20～60℃,反应时间3～6 h,得到酸型产品。贵金属催化剂中,钯的催化活性比铂高。贵金属催化时,加入铅、铋等助催化剂,并以活性炭为载体,碱性条件下于50～90℃反应2～6 h,得到盐型产品。在适当的条件下,这两种方法均可使醇醚转化率达95％,选择性达90％以上。     

岩石样品中铷的中子活化分析

研究了苦味酸溶液的ｐＨ变化对用１８－Ｃ－６（１８Ｃ６）的硝基苯溶液定量萃取Ｒｂ的影响及１８Ｃ６浓度变化对定量萃取Ｒｂ的影响，确定了定量反萃Ｒｂ的实验条件。作出了磷酸锆无机离子交换柱上的Ｒｂ－Ｃｓ分离曲线。测定了岩石样品的微量Ｒｂ和痕量＾８４Ｒｂ。     

Mn/Ti-Zr复合氧化物催化苯甲酸甲酯选择性加氢

以硝酸锆和钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用共沉淀法制备Ti-Zr-O氧化物载体,采用浸渍法制备了Mn/Ti-Zr催化剂;采用XRD、N2物理吸附、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD和TG-DTA对Mn/Ti-Zr催化剂进行了表征,并考察了催化剂组成、结构和反应条件对苯甲酸甲酯（MB）加氢性能的影响,以及催化剂的长周期稳定性、失活和再生行为。结果表明：TiO2含量和Mn负载量分别为12% 和8% （二者均以Ti-Zr-O氧化物的质量为基准,下同）时制备的Mn/Ti-Zr催化剂性能最优,该催化剂在θ = 390 ℃, p = 1.0 MPa,n(H2)∶n(MB) = 9∶1和重时空速（WHSV）= 0.5 h-1的优化条件能够实现98.0% 的苯甲酸甲酯转化率和89.7%的苯甲醛和苯甲醇选择性;苯甲酸甲酯加氢反应的活性和选择性分别与Mn/Ti-Zr表面MnOx物种的氧化还原性和催化剂的酸性密切相关。此外,Mn/Ti-Zr催化剂具有良好的结构稳定性,在反应1000 h后仅因积碳而丧失11% 的活性,且轻微失活的催化剂可以通过焙烧恢复其初始活性和选择性。     

Preparation of High Strength and Toughness Aramid Fiber by Introducing Flexible Asymmetric Monomer to Construct Misplaced-Nunchaku Structure

High performance fibers with high strength and toughness have great potential in composites, but contradiction between tensile strength and elongation at break makes the preparation to become a current challenge. Herein, an asymmetric structure of more flexible diamine, 3,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (3,4′-ODA), is introduced into heterocyclic aramid (PBIA) fibers to replace rigid symmetric p-phenylenediamine (PDA). By studying the properties of copolymer (mPEBA) fibers with different ratios of diamine, it is found that the mPEBA fiber reached the optimal mechanical properties with the 30% content of 3,4′-ODA. Compared with homopolymerized heterocyclic aramid fibers, the tensile strength and elongation at break of mPEBA fiber are improved by 26.2% and 38.7%, respectively. Results of X-ray diffraction show that the introduction of 3,4′-ODA structure can increase stretchability of mPEBA fibers, improving the orientation degree during hot-drawing. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm that 3,4′-ODA structure undergoes a conformation transformation to form a straightened chain during hot-drawing, while symmetrical 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (4,4′-ODA) cannot form the same conformation. The misplaced-nunchaku structure is formed based on the special meta-para position of 3,4′-ODA, achieving the synergy of high strength and high toughness.     

铸造用聚氨酯粘合剂组份Ⅰ酚醛树脂合成研究

铸造用的聚氨酯粘合剂组合物，主要由极性和非极性溶剂溶解的酚醛树脂组份I和非极性溶剂稀释的聚异氰酸酯组份Ⅱ组成。组份Ⅰ酚醛树脂结构、性能是决定该类粘合剂性能因素之一。本文对铸造用聚氨酯粘合剂的组份Ⅰ酚醛树脂结构、合成方法、原料材料选择等问题进行了分析讨论，为铸造用聚氨酯粘合剂的组份Ⅰ的制备和苯醚型酚醛树脂的合成提供一些参考。     

Tensile mechanical properties of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and BPO4/SPEEK membranes

A study to evaluate the tensile mechanical properties of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and BPO₄/SPEEK composite membranes has been carried out. It is aimed to give an assessment of these materials for applications in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The stress–strain response of the membranes was measured as a function of the degree of sulfonation (DS) and the filler–matrix ratio. In addition, the effects of immersion in water at various temperatures were explored in situ by means of a homemade testing chamber fitted to the tensile analyzer. The results indicate that the DS has an important influence on the final mechanical behavior of the membranes. The introduction of the BPO₄ solid filler leads to deterioration in mechanical performance compared to unfilled SPEEK. A general picture of the microstructural features influencing the mechanical properties of SPEEK and BPO₄/SPEEK membranes is proposed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 2380–2393, 2005     

DEDS-10双子表面活性剂的性能研究

合成了一种新型的DEDS-10双子表面活性剂,用红外光谱对所合成化合物的结构进行了初步表征。DEDS-10的临界胶束浓度cm c为0.47 mmol/L,γcm c为34.5 mN/m,A lC l3、CaC l2和NaC l可以使γcm c降低3.6~1.1 mN/m,其cm c值大约为纯水溶液cm c值的1/5~1/3;加入乙醇,可增加其表面活性,在乙醇的浓度为0.22 mol/L时,其表面张力为30 mN/m左右。与阳离子表面活性剂DTAB和非离子表面活性剂曲拉通X-100复配,可以大幅度地降低cm c和γcm c值,与阴离子表面活性剂TLS复配时,cm c降低,cγm c略有增加。