微波固化环氧树脂／氨基二苯醚树脂的耐热性能研究

以二苯醚树脂(DPO)为原料，合成了一类新型耐高温树脂一氨基二苯醚树脂(ANDPO)，用作双酚A环氧树脂(EP)的固化剂，以提高环氧树脂的耐热性。采用微波技术固化EP／ANDPO体系。通过FTIR定量研究了EP／ANDPO体系的反应程度，利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热重分析法(TG)研究了固化体系的耐热性能，并与热固化进行了比较。结果表明：微波固化显著提高了体系的固化速度和热性能。体系转化率为95％时，400W的微波只需10min即可完成固化，而热固化需要在150℃固化240min。微波固化产物的Tg、表观分解温度TA、温度指数Tzg分别为172．6℃、322℃和200℃。而热固化产品的Tg、TA、Tzg分别为163．5℃、306℃和189℃。两种固化方式所得产品的TA、Tzg均高于目前所用的芳香族胺类固化剂，显著提高了环氧树脂的耐热性能。     

新型热管反应器在轻烃醚化中的研究及应用

将热管技术与催化反应器结合,构建了蛇形回路热管反应器。利用该反应器,进行了轻烃醚化工业侧线试验,考察了进料温度、液相体积空速、冷却水流量、进料浓度对反应结果的影响;测定了催化床层的轴向温度分布。利用反应器数学模型并结合试验数据,采用下山单纯形最优化方法获得了床层对热管的传热膜系数准数关联方程。所开发的新型热管反应器在2万t/a甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)生产装置的扩能改造中应用成功。     

含氟聚合物的合成概述

概述了无定型含氟树脂、可熔性聚四氟乙烯（PFA）、热塑性氟塑料THV、聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）等含氟聚合物新品种的性能和合成方法。     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的厌氧与好氧生物降解性

以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO)为目标污染物，在等同条件下做厌氧消化污泥和好氧活性污泥对其生物降解性能的对比实验，得出了同一系列AEO分子中聚氧乙烯基与整个分子的降解难易程度的关系。表明：①污泥会对AEO分子产生吸附一脱附作用而出现假降解率，克服假降解率的干扰是准确测定AEO生物降解性的关键因素；②厌氧和好氧条件下，AEO均可降解，但厌氧降解要稍优于好氧降解；③AEO中聚氧乙烯基的单元数(n)是影响其生物降解的重要因素，相同碳链的直链烷基，生物降解率随n的增加而明显降低。     

粗异戊烯的醚化

研究了苯磺酸型树脂催化的异戊烯和甲醇的醚化,考查了温度、醇烯比和空速对反应的影响。结果表明在反应温度为59～67℃、甲醇与异戊烯的摩尔比值为1 4～1 6、液时空速为1 1～1 5h-1时反应的转化率大于70%。     

4′-乙酰基缩氨硫脲基苯并-15-冠-5的合成

报道了在多聚磷酸 (PPA )中将冠醚酰化的方法 ,合成了 4′-乙酰基苯并 - 15 -冠 - 5 ,以此为原料 ,在酸性条件下与氨基硫脲作用 ,合成了 4′-乙酰基缩氨硫脲基苯并 - 15 -冠 - 5。经由 IR、MS和元素分析对合成的两种新物质的结构进行了表征     

Feeding response of Ips paraconfusus to phloem and phloem metabolites of Heterobasidion annosum-inoculated ponderosa pine,Pinus ponderosa

In studies of feeding by the bark beetle, Ips paraconfusus, two pine stilbenes (pinosylvin and pinosylvin methyl ether), ferulic acid glucoside, and enantiomers of the four most common sugars present in ponderosa pine phloem (sucrose, glucose, fructose, and raffinose) did not stimulate or reduce male feeding when assayed on wet -cellulose with or without stimulatory phloem extractives present. When allowed to feed on wet -cellulose containing sequential extracts (hexane, methanol, and water) of ponderosa pine phloem, methanol and water extractives stimulated feeding, but hexane extractives did not. Males confined in wet -cellulose containing aqueous or organic extracts of culture broths derived from phloem tissue and containing the root pathogen, Heterobasidion annosum, ingested less substrate than beetles confined to control preparations. In an assay using logs from uninoculated ponderosa pines, the mean lengths of phloem in the digestive tracts increased as time spent feeding increased. Males confined to the phloem of basal logs cut from ponderosa pines artificially inoculated with H. annosum ingested significantly less phloem than beetles in logs cut from trees that were (combined) mock-inoculated or uninoculated and did not contain the pathogen. However, individual pathogen-containing treatments were not significantly different from uninoculated controls. It was concluded that altered feeding rates are not a major factor which may explain why diseased ponderosa pines are colonized by I. paraconfusus.     

冠醚化合物做为晶体生长的物理成熟剂

本文在制备AgBr八面体乳剂初液中,加入一系列不同量的1,7,10,16-四氧-4,13-二硫代杂环十八烷(2S-18-C-6),结果由于(2S-18-C-6)与银离子产生了络合,降低了乳剂成核的过饱和度,所得乳剂的颗粒大小与加入2S-18-C-6的量成正比。由于所得乳剂颗粒大小分布产生了变化,而使乳剂的光化学性质以及介电损耗也产生了规律性的变化。同时还发现,在乳剂成熟过程中,加入含杂质原子不同的冠醚化合物1,4,7,10,13,16-六氧环十八烷(18-C-6),1,7,10,16-四氧-4,13-二氮代杂环十八烷(2N-18-C-6),N-对甲苯磺酰基-7-氮杂-1,4,10,13-四氧硫杂环十六烷(NTsTTH)对晶体的物理成熟作用有很大差异,2S-18-C-6是很好的物理成熟剂,2N-18-C-6、NTsTTH是AgBr的溶剂,18-C-6的成熟作用很弱,说明冠醚化合物对AgBr的溶解成熟作用与其环上所含杂原子有关。     

国内外AE／AES生产现状及市场分析

介绍国内外脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AE)和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐(AES)的生产现状及供需情况.2003年全球AE的总产能为391.7万t/a,总产量为155.8万t,总消费量为148.3万t;AES的总产能为377.5万t/a,产量约为300万t,消费量约为90万t.2004年我国AE的产能已超过50万t/a,但产量只有15万t,消费量为30.5万t;AES的总产能为37.95万t/a,产量为14万t,市场需求约10万t.最后补充介绍乙氧基化的技术进展.     

Effects of preparation conditions on the surface modification and performance of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes

The impact that some membrane preparation steps had on ultrafiltration (UF) membrane characteristics and performance was studied. Polyethersulfone (PES) was employed as base polymer, while N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) was used as a solvent, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as a nonsolvent pore‐forming additive. The manufacturing variables studied were solvent evaporation time and membrane surface modification, using a fluorine‐based copolymer referred to as surface‐modifying macromolecule (SMM). The flat sheet membranes, prepared via phase inversion, were characterized using solute transport data, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements. Membrane performance was evaluated via filtration test protocol that included a 6‐day filtration of concentrated river water. The flux reduction with time was modeled using single and dual mechanisms of fouling. The pore blockage/cake filtration model described better the behavior of the permeation rate along the experiments. Increasing the solvent evaporation time decreased the size of the pores and the permeation rate. However, it did not significantly affect the removal of the organic compounds naturally present in the river water used as feed. XPS and contact angle measurements proved that the short evaporation periods did not allow enough SMM migration to the surface to provoke a significant effect on the membrane performance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006