pH对氯氧化微囊藻毒素能力的影响

利用小试实验研究了pH值对氯氧化黄浦江原水中两种微囊藻毒素效果的影响.结果表明,pH对游离氯氧化微囊藻毒素的效果具有显著的影响,较低的pH值有利于两种微囊藻毒素的氧化降解,pH值为6时的MC-LR的表观二级反应速率常数较pH值为7.25时提高了16倍,原因在于较低的pH值增加了HOCl在总游离氯中的比例,而HOCl与微囊藻毒素分子之间的反应为游离氯降解微囊藻毒素的主要途径.     

L-赖氨酸铜的制备及工艺优化

为解决氨基酸金属螯合物采用NaOH调解体系pH值时其反应溶液碱性不易控制的问题,以L-赖氨酸和氯化铜为原料,选用NH3.H2O作为体系pH调节剂,合成了L-赖氨酸铜。单因素平行试验优选法得到L-赖氨酸铜的合成工艺条件为：氯化铜与赖氨酸盐酸盐的摩尔比为3∶5,pH≈8,反应温度为45℃,反应时间为60 min。反应全程在液相中进行,条件温和,避免了因碱性过大而出现沉淀;产品收率为71%;合成的L-赖氨酸铜为蓝色粉末,易溶于水,不溶于乙醇、乙醚等有机溶剂,熔点为227.3～227.5℃。     

化工过程pH值的模糊免疫PID控制

针对化工过程pH值变化的非线性、时滞特点,提出一种模糊免疫PID控制方法;该方法依据生物免疫原理设计免疫反馈PID控制器,并使用模糊控制器来实现免疫反馈的非线性函数,然后优化控制器的参数,最后借助MATLAB工具进行仿真实验;PID控制器比例控制由公式5计算,其参数优化结果为K=4.5,η=2.0,Ki=0.009,Kd=6.0。仿真结果显示,模糊免疫PID控制效果优于自适应模糊PID和普通PID控制的控制效果。     

The influence of pH on reaction pathways for O2 reduction on the Au(100) face

Oxygen reduction on the Au(100) face was studied by the rotating disk-ring electrode technique in solutions of anions which adsorb strongly on gold (HSO₄⁻/SO₄²⁻ and/or OH⁻) over the entire pH range. The specific adsorption of OH⁻ anions, which is a pH dependent process, is found to play the key role in determining the reaction pathways. In the absence of OH⁻ adsorption, for pHs below 6, the reduction of O₂ begins as a 2e-process. Due to the increase in local pH during O₂ reduction, the reaction pathway turns into a 4e-reduction at a certain potential depending on the pH of the solution. For pHs higher than 6, O₂ reduction begins as a 4e-process in the potential region where specifically adsorbed OH⁻ anions are present.     

Interfacial tension of demixed polymer solutions near the critical temperature: polystyrene + methylcyclohexane

Interfacial tension between demixed solutions of polystyrene + methylcyclohexane has been measured near the critical temperature as a function of temperature using polystyrenes with molecular weights 9000 ～ 1.26 × 10⁶. The critical exponent for the interfacial tension was determined to be about 1.30 for the lower molecular weight systems. However, for higher molecular weights the exponent could not be obtained because the system departed from critical behaviour. Magnitudes of the interfacial tension were proportional to about N^?0.44, where N is the polymerization index. Experimental results were compared with the recently-proposed theories and found to be in qualitative agreement. The tricritical theory of polymer solutions was also compared with the experimental results.     

Pore Propagation Directions in P+ Porous Silicon

A comparative study is presented on the pore propagation directions of porous silicon layers (PSL) formed on p⁺-type substrates of different orientations. PSLs were formed on plain (0 0 1) and (1 1 1) silicon wafers as well as on structured (0 0 1) wafers containing facets of various orientations. During anodization, regular pores follow the 0 0 1 direction on the (0 0 1) planes. While on the (1 1 1) planes fewer regular pores develop and seemingly propagate closely to the 1 1 1 direction. These results indicate that the pores propagate perpendicular to the surface i.e. along the field lines when the surface orientation is either (0 0 1) or (1 1 1).When the silicon surface provided (1 1 0) orientation (Chuang, Collins, and Smith, 1989), or its position is in between the (0 0 1) and (1 1 1) planes then the pores do not propagate perpendicular to the surface but along the 0 0 1 direction.All the phenomena exhibited might be explained by presuming that during formation, the pores propagate along the 1 0 0 directions, and that those 1 0 0 directions are preferred which are closely to the field lines. In PSLs formed on (0 0 1) surfaces the field lines and the 0 0 1 crystallographic direction are coincident. However, in the (1 1 1) oriented wafer where three equally probable 1 0 0 directions exist around the field lines, more irregular structure of PSLs will develop.     

Robust registration based compensation method based on sparse recovery

The loss of the degree of system freedom and mismatch of prior information based on the registration based compensation (RBC) method will result in a decline in computational performance. In order to solve above problems, a robust method named SRBC is proposed where the sparse recovery method is applied instead of the sub-aperture smoothing operation. First, the SRBC utilizes the sparse recovery to get the super resolution clutter space-time spectrum. Then the transition covariance matrix is calculated. Finally, the clutter covariance matrix is reconstructed by the Capon spectrum. Compared with the traditional RBC method, the SRBC proposed does not depend on sub-aperture smoothing operation and prior information and maintains the performance of clutter range-dependence. In addition, it is also steadier when the sensor error exists. Experimental simulation demonstrates the correctness and feasibility of this method.     

发酵种泥的投加对新鲜剩余污泥发酵产酸的影响

为进一步提高剩余污泥厌氧发酵产短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的效率,将p H=10下长期(90 d)厌氧发酵的种泥接入至新鲜剩余污泥考察其对新鲜剩余污泥厌氧发酵产酸的影响.实验在2种p H条件下进行:不控制p H(p H=7.4±0.2),一组反应器中投加新鲜剩余污泥,并接种厌氧发酵种泥,另一组反应器只投加新鲜剩余污泥;控制p H为碱性(p H=10±0.2),一组反应器中投加新鲜剩余污泥,并接种厌氧发酵种泥,另一组反应器只投加新鲜剩余污泥.结果表明:相同p H条件下,接种厌氧发酵种泥反应器中的最大产酸量较不接种分别提高4.9(p H=7.4±0.2)和16.4 mg/g VSS(以COD计)(p H=10±0.2);同时接种发酵污泥、剩余污泥在p H=10±0.2下的最大产酸量较p H=7.4±0.2下的最大产酸量高146.2 mg/g VSS;碱性条件、不接种发酵种泥的产酸量较不控制p H、接种发酵种泥的高129.8 mg/g VSS.投加发酵种泥可提高新鲜剩余污泥厌氧发酵过程中SCFAs的产生效率;碱性条件与厌氧发酵种泥对新鲜剩余污泥发酵产酸具有协同促进作用;与接种发酵种泥相比,碱性条件对新鲜剩余污泥厌氧发酵产酸促进能力高.     

pH对高氨废水限氧半亚硝化过程中N2O释放的影响

为获得半亚硝化系统中强温室气体N2O减量化释放的控制参数,采用SBR处理人工合成高氨废水(进水氨氮质量浓度约为600 mg·L-1),考察不同进水pH(7.5,8.0和8.5)对N2O释放特性的影响.结果表明,不同进水pH下均释放N2O,每个周期内N2O的释放量随进水pH的升高而减小.pH为7.5,8.0及8.5时,N2O释放量分别占进水氨氮的3.81%、2.35%和2.00%.当pH为7.5时,曝气初始50 min内,N2O释放速率先增大后减小,峰值速率为44.5μg·min-1·g-1,之后维持在16.5μg·min-1·g-1;当p H为8.0及8.5时,曝气初期N2O释放峰值速率分别为33.7,22.9μg·min-1·g-1,之后释放速率随pH降低和NO2-积累而逐渐增大.     

低温SBR系统活性污泥硝化效能的pH调控

为进一步提高低温(15 ℃)SBR系统的硝化效能,通过间歇培养实验探讨pH对系统活性污泥硝化效能的调控与影响．结果表明,将初始pH控制为8.0～9.0,低温SBR系统的活性污泥(以MLSS计)具有最佳的氨氮氧化能力,在NO₂--N积累阶段对NH₄+-N的比去除速率可达25.49 g·kg-1·d-1,NO₂--N的比生成速率达22 g·kg-1·d-1;初始pH为7.5～8.0时,NO₂--N氧化效果最佳,NO₃--N的比生成速率可达35.6 g·kg-1·d-1;将反应系统的pH维持在8.0,可使亚硝酸菌和硝酸菌代谢活性均保持在较高水平,达到良好的硝化效果．