Turbulent Details Simulation for SPH Fluids via Vorticity Refinement

A major issue in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approaches is the numerical dissipation during the projection process, especially under coarse discretizations. High‐frequency details, such as turbulence and vortices, are smoothed out, leading to unrealistic results. To address this issue, we introduce a vorticity refinement (VR) solver for SPH fluids with negligible computational overhead. In this method, the numerical dissipation of the vorticity field is recovered by the difference between the theoretical and the actual vorticity, so as to enhance turbulence details. Instead of solving the Biot‐Savart integrals, a stream function, which is easier and more efficient to solve, is used to relate the vorticity field to the velocity field. We obtain turbulence effects of different intensity levels by changing an adjustable parameter. Since the vorticity field is enhanced according to the curl field, our method can not only amplify existing vortices, but also capture additional turbulence. Our VR solver is straightforward to implement and can be easily integrated into existing SPH methods.     

基于种群多样性的自适应PSO算法求解VRPSPD问题

为有效求解逆向物流车辆路径(VRPSPD)模型,本文提出一种基于种群多样性的自适应PSO算法(SDAPSO)。在SDAPSO运行时,根据种群多样性,自适应地对种群中运行较差的粒子进行扰动操作,提升这些粒子向最优解收敛的能力;同时,对全局最优粒子进行概率扰动,以增加种群的多样性。标准检测函数的仿真结果表明SDAPSO算法是对基本PSO算法的有效改进。在对VRPSPD模型求解中,通过与其它粒子群算法相比,表明SDAPSO是求解该类问题的一种有效方法。     

Photographing impact of molten molybdenum particles in a plasma spray

Plasma-sprayed molten molybdenum particles (∼40 μm in diameter) were photographed impinging at high velocity (∼140 m/s) on a glass substrate at room temperature. An optical sensor detected thermal radiation emitted by a droplet as it approached the substrate and activated a time delay unit. After a selected time interval, an Nd:YAG laser was triggered, emitting a 5 ns pulse that provided illumination for a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera to photograph the impacting droplet through a long-range microscope. By varying the delay before pulsing the laser, different stages of droplet deformation were recorded. Impacting droplets spread into a thin circular film that ruptured and broke into small fragments. An optical detector recording thermal radiation from the impacting droplet gave a signal that increased as the droplet spread out, reached a maximum when the liquid film began to rupture, and decreased as portions of the droplet recoiled because of surface tension and then flew out of view of the photodetector.     

Optimization algorithm for ultra-sparse arrays in regional energy focusing

The setting of ultra-sparse arrays is one of key factors for the performance of regional energy focusing.This paper focuses on one of its typical applications:Precision Electronic Warfare by UAV,and proposes an optimization algorithm for ultra-sparse arrays to maximize the performance of regional energy focusing.First,we establish the joint optimization model of the interference waveform and the positions of elements.Second,particle swarm optimization (PSO) is adopted to iterate the positions of elements.Then,the target value of the subproblem is solved for the fitness criterion,as the current array is known in each step of the iteration.Finally,we get the optimal solution of the interference waveform and the ultra-sparse array by this method.Numerical results indicate that the algorithm can optimize the array effectively,and improve the indicators of regional energy focusing obviously.Whether the localization errors of elements exist or not,the algorithm provides a better performance than existing algorithms which only design the interference waveform.     

Adaptive simulated annealing particle swarm optimization algorithm

Particle swarm optimization is widely used in various fields because of the few parameters to be set and the simple calculation structure.In order to improve the optimization speed and accuracy of the PSO,and to avoid falling into the local optimal solution,an adaptive simulated annealing PSO is proposed,which uses the hyperbolic tangent function to control the inertia weight factor for nonlinear adaptive changes,uses linear change strategies to control 2 learning factors,introduces the simulation annealing operation,set a temperature according to the initial state of the population,guide the population to accept the difference solution with a certain probability according to the Metropolis criterion,and ensure the ability to jump out of the local optimal solution.To verify the effect of the algorithm proposed in this paper,7 typical test functions and 5 algorithms proposed in the literature are selected for comparison and testing.According to the average value,standard deviation and number of iterations of the optimization results,the algorithm proposed in this paper has greatly improved the iteration accuracy,convergence speed and stability so as to overcome the shortcomings of particle swarm optimization.     

CO2体积分数对燃煤细颗粒物在水汽环境中凝结长大的影响

为研究燃煤烟气中CO₂体积分数对细颗粒物在水汽环境中凝结长大效果的影响,建立了计算模型并搭建了实验平台,分别从理论计算和实验研究两方面探讨了CO₂体积分数对细颗粒物凝结长大效果的影响。结果表明:随着CO₂体积分数升高,混合烟气的热、质扩散系数均降低,生长管内平均过饱和度增加,细颗粒物长大效果明显;管壁温度越高,随着CO₂体积分数的提高,细颗粒物粒径越大。     

粗粒料三轴试验橡皮膜嵌入量数值模拟

在粗粒料三轴试验中,橡皮膜嵌入量可造成显著的体积变形量测误差。本文针对颗粒材料的接触特点,利用Nagata Patch方法重建颗粒表面,基于重建曲面进行接触状态的判断和接触几何信息的计算,开发了高效的颗粒接触算法。该法采用dual mortar有限元方法处理颗粒与橡皮膜间的接触模拟,针对橡皮膜变形较大的特点,采用更新坐标的大变形计算格式,并根据重建的颗粒表面对颗粒-橡皮膜的距离进行几何修正,实现了颗粒-橡皮膜接触的精细化模拟,可较好地模拟计算“柔性”橡皮膜嵌入颗粒孔隙的过程。进行了Kramer钢球试验以及粗颗粒料和标准粗砂三轴试验橡皮膜嵌入过程的模拟计算,计算结果符合一般规律,与相应的试验结果吻合较好,验证了本文方法对于粗粒料膜嵌入问题的适用性。     

Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation: A Review on Investigating Mesoscale Properties of Polymer Systems

Polymer systems have typical multiscale characteristics, both in space and time. The mesoscopic properties of polymers are difficult to describe through traditional experimental approaches. Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) is a simulation method used for solving mesoscale problems of complex fluids and soft matter. The mesoscopic properties of polymer systems, such as conformation, dynamics, and transport properties, have been studied extensively using DPD. This paper briefly summarizes the application of DPD to research involving microchannel flow, electrospinning, free-radical polymerization, polymer self-assembly processes, polymer electrolyte fuel cells, and biomedical materials. The main features and possible development avenues of DPD are described as well.     

H2O(g)对富氧燃烧超细颗粒物生成特性影响

为实现富氧燃烧技术的广泛推广,对煤粉燃烧在富氧气氛下的颗粒物排放特性进行了研究。在1800 K管式炉内进行煤焦燃烧试验,研究了富氧气氛下H₂O(g)体积分数(0、5%、10%、20%、30%)对煤焦燃烧超细颗粒物的影响;采用荷电低压撞击器(ELPI+)获得超细颗粒物质量和数量浓度粒径分布并进行分析。结果表明,H₂O(g)对超细颗粒物质量浓度和数量浓度粒径分布无影响,但会导致超细颗粒物的峰值波动。超细颗粒物总数量由最小粒径超细颗粒物决定,5种水蒸气浓度下EL?PI+第1级撞击器收集到的超细颗粒物数量占比均超过65%。超细颗粒物总质量由最大粒径超细颗粒物决定,5个水蒸气浓度下ELPI+第7级撞击器收集到的超细颗粒物质量占比均超过94%。低H₂O(g)浓度会抑制超细颗粒物生成,H₂O(g)体积分数为5%时的抑制作用最显著;高H₂O(g)浓度会促进超细颗粒物生成。这是因为一方面H₂O(g)与煤焦发生气化反应,使煤焦颗粒周围产生还原性气氛,促进矿物质还原为单质,进一步促进矿物质蒸发;另一方面气化反应是吸热反应,会降低煤焦颗粒燃烧温度,同时H₂O(g)加入也导致烟气热容增加进一步降低,煤焦燃烧温度抑制煤中矿物质的蒸发,导致超细颗粒物生成减少,是2种作用相互竞争的结果。此外,H₂O(g)的加入使超细颗粒物平均粒径增大,0~5%H₂O(g)时超细颗粒物平均粒径增大最迅速。     

超细粉颗粒形貌控制技术的研究

颗粒形貌对颗粒群的许多性质具有重要的影响。本研究以流化床气流磨加工碳化硅磨料微粉为实例，对颗粒形貌控制的基本因素进行理论分析与实验研究，并探讨了超细加工后的整形技术及超细加工前的预处理技术。可获得球形化程度好的等积形颗粒形貌，也可获得较好的多棱形颗粒形貌，这对提高超细粉的工业价值和经济价值，扩大应用领域和范围，具有重要的意义。