维氏硬度曲面修正系数的计算机拟合

根据GB／T 4340．1-1999所附的各类曲面维氏硬度修正系数表，基于多项式拟合技术，给出了曲面维氏硬度修正系数关于压痕对角线长度与曲面直径比值的解析函数表达式，并对维氏硬度值的修约规律进行了总结。     

W6Mo5Cr4V3SiCo5钢的超微粒强化与力学性能研究

超微粒强化是金属强化途径之一，讨论了含钴高速钢W6Mo5Cr4V3SiCo5的超微粒强化工艺对组织与性能的影响。通过透射电镜观察，超微粒强化处理后的高速钢淬火的基体中有弥散分布直径在1nm左右的微细碳化物。研究结果表明，超微粒强化处理可显著地提高W6Mo5Cr4V3SiCo5钢的硬度、抗弯强度和冲击韧性，使刀具使用寿命提高2～3倍，耐用度提高150％～300%。     

维氏硬度试验中测量不确定度的评定

介绍了硬度测量不确定度的原理和方法。利用无偏差估计方法和考虑硬度计偏差的方法对维氏硬度试验中的测量不确定度进行了评定。并对两种方法评定的不确定度结果做了比较。     

CN<em>x/TiN多层复合涂层抗水蚀性能的研究

采用多弧-磁控溅射镀膜机在不锈钢2Cr13衬底上沉积CN_<em>x/TiN多层复合涂层。利用光电子能谱仪(XPS)和透射电子衍射(TED)对涂层的组成和结构进行分析。利用自行研制的高压水蚀试验装置对不锈钢、高铬铸铁、司太立合金以及CN_<em>x/TiN多层复合涂层的抗水蚀性能进行对比试验,最后对涂层的水蚀失效机理进行了探讨。试验结果表明:CN_<em>x/TiN多层复合涂层具有较高的硬度、附着力、抗热冲击性能以及优异的抗水蚀性能,是一种优良的汽轮机末级叶片抗水蚀用涂层。     

玉米根系几何造型研究

通过对玉米根系形态建成过程根系的结构、生长及分布特点和规律观测研究,构建了描述玉米根系形态变化的数学模型。结合粒子系统和计算机图形学技术,在计算机上实现了玉米根系生长的三维显示。其结果和实际的玉米根系的生长发育过程基本一致,为农学研究者提供了一个可视化的根系模型。本模型结构简单、可交互、真实感强,可以较好地虚拟玉米根系的生长过程。     

Parallel global optimization with the particle swarm algorithm

Present day engineering optimization problems often impose large computational demands, resulting in long solution times even on a modern high-end processor. To obtain enhanced computational throughput and global search capability, we detail the coarse-grained parallelization of an increasingly popular global search method, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Parallel PSO performance was evaluated using two categories of optimization problems possessing multiple local minima-large-scale analytical test problems with computationally cheap function evaluations and medium-scale biomechanical system identification problems with computationally expensive function evaluations. For load-balanced analytical test problems formulated using 128 design variables, speedup was close to ideal and parallel efficiency above 95% for up to 32 nodes on a Beowulf cluster. In contrast, for load-imbalanced biomechanical system identification problems with 12 design variables, speedup plateaued and parallel efficiency decreased almost linearly with increasing number of nodes. The primary factor affecting parallel performance was the synchronization requirement of the parallel algorithm, which dictated that each iteration must wait for completion of the slowest fitness evaluation. When the analytical problems were solved using a fixed number of swarm iterations, a single population of 128 particles produced a better convergence rate than did multiple independent runs performed using sub-populations (8 runs with 16 particles, 4 runs with 32 particles, or 2 runs with 64 particles). These results suggest that (1) parallel PSO exhibits excellent parallel performance under load-balanced conditions, (2) an asynchronous implementation would be valuable for real-life problems subject to load imbalance, and (3) larger population sizes should be considered when multiple processors are available.     

An ellipsoidal particle–finite element method for hypervelocity impact simulation

A number of coupled particle–element and hybrid particle–element methods have been developed for the simulation of hypervelocity impact problems to avoid certain disadvantages associated with the use of pure continuum‐based or pure particle‐based methods. To date these methods have employed spherical particles. In recent work a hybrid formulation has been extended to the ellipsoidal particle case. A model formulation approach based on Lagrange's equations, with particle entropies serving as generalized coordinates, avoids the angular momentum conservation problems which have been reported with ellipsoidal smooth particle hydrodynamics models. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the Galerkin formulation of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method

In this paper, we propose a Galerkin‐based smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) formulation with moving least‐squares meshless approximation, applied to free surface flows. The Galerkin scheme provides a clear framework to analyse several procedures widely used in the classical SPH literature, suggesting that some of them should be reformulated in order to develop consistent algorithms. The performance of the methodology proposed is tested through various dynamic simulations, demonstrating the attractive ability of particle methods to handle severe distortions and complex phenomena. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Co含量对硬质合金梯度结构和性能的影响

采用分段烧结的试验工艺,通过改变原料中钴的含量来研究钴含量对硬质合金梯度结构和性能的影响。试验主要从钴含量对梯度烧结后、涂层后合金的机械性能、梯度结构的变化情况进行了探索,并研究了梯度硬质合金刀片的切削性能。试验表明,随着合金钴含量增多,合金梯度结构越明显,梯度层厚度增加;合金的强度与磁饱和提高,硬度、磁力和密度减小。同时随着合金钴含量增多,经涂层处理的硬质合金刀片的切削性能提高,达到同一磨损高度VB=0.12mm时,FGCC-Co-8刀片的切削寿命较FGCC-Co-6刀片提高了三分之一。     

Fe-C-Ti-Mn合金系中TiC原位生成反应的热力学分析

根据溶液热力学理论对Fe C Ti Mn体系中TiC增强体的原位合成进行了热力学分析。计算表明,体系中TiC优先于Fe3C和Fe2Ti形成,且在热力学上比Fe3C和Fe2Ti稳定。多数情况下,TiC基体合金在液态未凝固时即可形成,而Fe3C和Fe2Ti则是在合金凝固和冷却过程中才有可能析出。随C含量增加,形成TiC和Fe3C的可能性增大;随Ti含量增加,形成Fe2Ti的可能性增大,而形成Fe3C的可能性减小;高Ti高C时,有利于形成TiC,高Ti低C时有利于形成Fe2Ti;高C低Ti时有利于形成Fe3C;添加适量的Mn既可有效抑制Fe3C的形成,又明显降低TiC的合成温度,使大多数TiC的合成反应发生在合金熔体充满铸型后的冷却、凝固过程中,可能解决TiC过早析出、熔体粘度增大、充型困难等问题。