Chemical response of Picea glehnii seed-epiphytic Penicillium species to Pythium vexans under in vitro competitive conditions for mycelial growth

The potential protection of Picea glehnii seedlings from damping-off by seed-epiphytic Penicillium species was investigated. We studied the chemical response of seed-epiphytic Penicillium species (Pen. cyaneum, Pen. damascenum, and Pen. implicatum) to Pythium vexans, a damping-off fungus, in vitro. Penicillium species were cultured singly or cocultured with Pyt. vexans for 14 or 18 d, and mycelial growth, pH of culture filtrate, antifungal activity of the culture filtrate against Pyt. vexans, and the amount of antifungal compound produced by each Penicillium species, were examined. The filtrate of both the single culture of Penicillium and the coculture of Penicillium and Pyt. vexans showed antifungal activity against Pyt. vexans. In a coculture with Pyt. vexans, Pen. cyaneum produced an antifungal compound (patulin) as in the single culture. Pen. damascenum cocultured with Pyt. vexans produced an antifungal compound (citrinin), as it did in the single culture and in larger amounts on day 10. Pen. implicatum produced two antifungal compounds, frequentin and palitantin, and the ratio of frequentin (with higher antifungal activity than palitantin) to palitantin was higher in the coculture with Pyt. vexans than in the single culture. Our results indicate that these Penicillium species have the ability to produce antifungal compounds and to keep antifungal activity under competitive condition with Pyt. vexans. The chemical response of these Penicillium species to Pyt. vexans may contribute to protect P. glehnii seedlings from damage by Pyt. vexans.     

性激素三孢酸在类胡萝卜素生产菌三孢布拉氏霉中的合成代谢研究进展

类胡萝卜素是重要的精细化学品,三孢布拉氏霉是发酵法生产类胡萝卜素的常用菌种。近年来研究者对影响三孢布拉氏霉类胡萝卜素产量的影响因素做了大量的研究,结果显示三孢酸是最重要的影响因子之一。本文根据国内外研究进展,从发酵法生产类胡萝卜素的研究现状、三孢酸类化合物的结构及其生理功能、三孢酸合成途径研究及三孢酸合成途径中的分子机制等几个方面做了综述报告。     

白腐真菌固定化技术及其研究进展

文章阐述了白腐真菌的生物学特性和降解机理及在难降解污染物处理中的优势,提出了白腐真菌生物技术在实际应用中所需解决的问题,讨论了微生物固定化技术及其影响因素,对白腐真菌固定化技术的优势进行了分析,综合评述了白腐真菌固定化技术中载体材料特性、固定化时间及固定方法研究的新进展。     

华南地区淋浴软管中微生物再生风险的调查研究

在建筑物生活饮用水的管道环境中, 淋浴软管里温水长时间停滞为细菌和致病菌提供了生长环境。为了解华南地区淋浴软管中微生物的再生风险及诱发因素, 对华南地区具有淋浴设备的家庭进行问卷调查。具体考察了居民淋浴习惯、软管使用习惯及污染情况、水质情况和淋浴水质影响身体健康的认知情况, 对所得数据进行统计分析 。结果显示, 华南地区人群普遍不具备良好的淋浴和软管使用习惯, 缺乏对不良水质会加速人体老化或引起健康问题的认知。统计分析表明, 水温、水质与软管污染程度呈正相关, 淋浴频率和软管更换频率与软管污染程度呈负相关。因此, 不佳的淋浴习惯、水质和软管使用习惯,及对淋浴水质影响身体健康的认知不足, 都为淋浴软管中微生物的生长创造了条件, 增加了致病风险。     

丛枝菌根真菌在有机污染物污染土壤植物修复中的应用

综述了丛枝菌根真菌-植物体系在有机物污染土壤修复中的效果;分析了丛枝菌根真菌促进植物修复的机理;并探讨了影响丛枝菌根真菌在有机物污染土壤植物修复作用的因素。文章最后总结了目前这一技术存在的问题,并提出了相关建议。     

气相色谱法检测食用菌中八氯二丙醚的残留量

建立了一种测定食用菌中八氯二丙醚(S-2)残留量的气相色谱方法.样品中的八氯二丙醚经丙酮-正己烷混合溶剂提取,浓硫酸液-液分配磺化法进行净化,以气相色谱法(GC-ECD)测定,外标法定量.实验结果表明:样品中加入0.005～0.05mg/kg浓度水平的S-2,回收率在72.4%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于7.8...     

白腐真菌生物反应器特性及其在“红水”处理中的应用研究

阐述了白腐真菌的生物学特性及其对难降解有机物的降解优势,综合分析了适应白腐真菌的反应器的结构特点及其对难降解废水的处理效果的研究进展,讨论了利用白腐真菌处理＂红水＂时的影响因素,指出了环境因素、白腐真菌的先期培养与驯化、进水时期以及锰过氧化物酶添加剂的存在均会影响＂红水＂的降解效率。     

白腐菌去除造纸废水中木质素的机理及研究进展

阐述了白腐菌对造纸废水中木质素去除的应用现状及研究进展,并对白腐菌产生的木素过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶、漆酶对木质素的降解机理进行了分析和探讨。     

Advances in Transgenic Mouse Models to Study Infections by Human Pathogenic Viruses

Medical research is changing into direction of precision therapy, thus, sophisticated preclinical models are urgently needed. In human pathogenic virus research, the major technical hurdle is not only to translate discoveries from animals to treatments of humans, but also to overcome the problem of interspecies differences with regard to productive infections and comparable disease development. Transgenic mice provide a basis for research of disease pathogenesis after infection with human-specific viruses. Today, humanized mice can be found at the very heart of this forefront of medical research allowing for recapitulation of disease pathogenesis and drug mechanisms in humans. This review discusses progress in the development and use of transgenic mice for the study of virus-induced human diseases towards identification of new drug innovations to treat and control human pathogenic infectious diseases.