Application of artificial neural networks to the prediction of tunnel boring machine penetration rate

Rate of penetration of a Tunnel Boring Machine(TBM)in a rock environment is generally a key parameter for the successful accomplishment of a tunneling project.This paper presents the results of a study into the application of an Artificial Neural Network(ANN)technique for modeling the penetration rate of tunnel boring machines.A database,including actual,measured TBM penetration rates,uniaxial compressive strengths of the rock,the distance between planes of weakness in the rock mass and rock quality designation was established.Data collected from three different TBM projects(the Queens Water Tunnel,USA,the Karaj-Tehran water transfer tunnel,Iran,and the Gilgel Gibe Ⅱ hydroelectric project,Ethiopia).A five-layer ANN was found to be optimum,with an architecture of three neurons in the input layer,9,7 and 3 neurons in the first,second and third hidden layers,respectively,and one neuron in the output layer.The correlation coefficient determined for penetration rate predicted by the ANN was 0.94.     

郑州地区粉土承载力确定方法的探讨

结合郑州地区典型岩土工程勘察实例,分析了以往采用理论公式计算法、参数查表法、静力触探参数计算法和载荷试验法等粉土承载力确定方法,探讨其中所存在的局限性。粉土承载力与原位测试值呈近似线性关系,而与土工试验参数相关性相对较差。提出了用原位测试法如标准贯入（SPT）和静力触探（CPT）等确定郑州地区粉土承载力的地域性经验公式。     

加筋板架击穿概率分析

为评估攻击武器作用下舰船结构的安全性,对战斗部冲击载荷作用下加筋板架的击穿概率进行分析.取初始撞击速度、战斗部密度、材料的弹性模量和极限强度作为随机变量,利用随机数生成程序得到50组随机变量的初始值;采用有限元程序进行仿真计算,得到战斗部击穿板架后的末速度值,并检验末速度是否服从正态分布,若不服从则利用最大熵法拟合末速度的概率密度函数;考虑战斗部撞击点和板架加强筋的相对位置关系,采用速度破坏准则,利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟得到不同入射角度的战斗部击穿单层和双层加筋板架的概率.该方法所用样本数量少,充分利用了样本信息,效率较高,具有一定实际应用价值.     

高能级强夯在湿陷性黄土地区的应用

根据8000、12000kN·m高能级强夯大面积处理地基加固的综合检测试验数据,结合室内试验数据及黄土地区的特殊性,得到了高能级强夯在黄土地区的有效加固深度、湿陷性处理效果;分析了高能级强夯处理湿陷性黄土的加固效果、加固深度及能级变化对地基处理效果的影响。结果表明：该研究为进一步分析高能级强夯的加固机理,尤其在湿陷性黄土地区的加固机理提供了依据,也为高能级强夯的大面积设计、施工和检测提供了优化数据。     

物体撞击颗粒介质的动力学研究

用分子动力学模拟方法研究物体撞击二维颗粒介质穿透过程的动力学行为.研究结果表明,物体的穿透过程可以分成三个阶段：撞击、贯穿和坍塌.通过改变物体的初速度、质量和半径,发现物体贯穿阶段所受的阻力虽与初速度和质量成正比,但与半径关系不大.     

18000kN·m高能级强夯处理深厚填土地基效果检验分析

通过在某沿海碎石回填土地基上国内首次实施18 000 kN.m高能级强夯法加固地基,并分别应用平板载荷试验、超重型动力触探试验、标准贯入试验以及瑞利波试验方法对高能级强夯处理地基进行效果检验及分析,得到了碎石回填土地基上18 000 kN.m高能级强夯的有效加固深度等检测效果,有效加固深度为15.5 m,地基承载力为290 kPa,若用Menard公式计算,其修正系数为0.37,为18 000 kN.m高能级强夯法的参数设计、施工工艺和工程检测提供依据.     

Interphases in the Adhesive Bonding of Fluoropolymers

Strong and durable adhesive bonds may be made between polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and either cyanoacrylate (CA) or epoxy adhesives, if the PTFE surface is modified by the use of a “primer” such as triphenylphosphine (TPP) or diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). The primer mixes with the PTFE surface, and the modified surface is then capable of forming an interphase, tens to hundreds of nanometers thick, where interpenetration of the adhesive and adherend occurs. Using CA adhesives, PTFE/CA/PTFE block compression shear bond strength (ASTM D4501-85) of over 10 MPa can be achieved, with failure occurring cohesively. Initial work with epoxy adhesives indicates that the use of DDM primer gives adhesive bonds comparable in strength with those produced by modification of the fluoropolymer surface by sodium naphthalenide.     

基于EDEM的混凝土板桩静压贯入过程三维颗粒流数值模拟

针对混凝土板桩在干粗砂地基中的静压贯入问题,为了明确贯入过程中的挤土效应及贯入阻力的发展规律,利用离散元数值模拟软件EDEM(Engineering Discrete Element Method)对干粗砂中混凝土板桩静压贯入过程进行了三维数值模拟。为此,提出了适用于类似试验的参数标定方法,分析了贯入过程中颗粒的运动特征。针对板桩结构的特点,对长边和短边方向的挤土效应进行了对比,并以短边为例,分析了不同高度处的挤土效应。最后,根据颗粒与桩结构的接触力,提取了桩端阻力和桩侧摩阻力的值,分析了两者在贯入过程中的变化规律。结果显示:在贯入过程中,颗粒的运动呈现"涡流状",并随贯入过程演化;板桩沿短边方向的表面隆起量约为沿长边方向的隆起量的2倍;随着长宽比的增加,板桩结构在短边方向和长边方向的隆起值相应增加,且短边方向的隆起值与长边方向的隆起值的比值与相应板桩的长宽比近似相等;随着贯入的进行,桩侧摩阻力所占的比重逐渐增加,在完全贯入后,侧摩阻力值约占桩端阻力的1/25;不同长宽比的板桩结构,其桩端阻力和桩侧摩阻力的单位值近似相等,并与准二维计算结果相近。     

Sealing of Ejection Hole at the Bottom of Projectile for Wired Transmission System of Penetration Data

It is difficult to find the projectile when people want to get the penetration data in a hard recovery method, so a recovery system of penetration data is designed based on an ejection mode from the projectile base and a method of wired transmission, at the same time, the system was sealed with a designed sealing device, the working principle of which was introduced. Using Fluent as the simulation platform, the transient pressure of seal cavity was simulated based on the change of chamber pressure, and steady-state pressure of seal clearance and seal cavity were simulated based on the maximum chamber pressure. The sealing performance was tested by a pressure test system. The results of simulation and experiment show that the maximum pressure of seal cavity is 139.4.kPa when the maximum chamber pressure is 242.9.MPa and the maximum temperature of gunpowder explosive gas is 2.166.5.K, so the sealing performance can be assured. The sealing device can be taken as a reference in sealing research on gunpowder gas at the bottom of projection.     

深厚淤泥中双排钢板桩结构安全稳定性研究

针对滨海地区深厚淤泥地基中双排钢板桩围堰结构受力复杂的问题,基于土力学理论,分别从运行工况下的抗剪切变形稳定、底部抗隆稳定、整体抗滑移稳定、抗倾覆稳定以及整体滑动稳定等方面进行分析,给出了安全稳定计算公式,同时通过数学理论推导计算,给出了钢板桩最小入土深度计算公式。以浙江省某大型围垦工程水闸的双排钢板桩围堰工程为例,依据该计算公式,得出最小入土深度建议值为17.01 m,与工程实际设计值18.50 m基本一致;同时利用有限元计算软件,对该工程中双排钢板桩围堰结构进行数值模拟计算分析,并将模拟结果与钢板桩实际水平变位监测资料进行对比分析,认为该双排钢板桩围堰结构设计安全可靠,可为相关工程应用提供参考。