在二辛基磷酸钠的微乳液中金属盐的最大含量

测算了二(2-乙基己基)磷酸钠(NaDEHP)或二(正辛基)磷酸钠(NaDOP)、正辛醇，正辛烷、水和金属盐(CoSO4、NiSO4、FeCl2、CuCl2和CaCl2等)组成的均匀单相微乳液中金属盐水溶液的极限增溶量(Vlim)和金属盐的最大含量(Smax)。相同条件下，NaDOP体系中的Vlim和Smax都比NaDEHP体系巾的高得多，这是因为NaDOP中的正辛基的空间位阻小。     

机械力化学湿法一步制备表面修饰磷酸锌微粉

以氧化锌和磷酸为原料,以硅烷偶联剂为改性剂,采用机械力化学湿法制备微细磷酸锌并进行表面改性.用XRD、润湿角、活化指数、沉降时间等手段对产物进行表征,用FT-IR对改性粉末的结构进行分析,初步探讨了偶联剂与磷酸锌的作用机理.结果表明产物为二水和四水磷酸锌混合物;在红外区域2 800～3 000 cm-1和1 400 cm-1有偶联剂的特征吸收峰,说明偶联剂与磷酸锌之间发生了化学反应;当硅烷偶联剂添加质量分数由0增加到2%,改性产品的活化指数由0增加到98.71%,对水的润湿角由0°增加到93.21°,沉降时间由0.5 h增加到176 h,在涂料中的分散性和贮存稳定性得到改进.     

A Novel Mixed-Valence Tetranuclear Iron-Oxygen Clusters in the Organically Templated Iron Phosphate [H3N(CH2)2NH3]2 Fe4O(PO4)4 ċH2O

A novel iron phosphate templated with ethylenediammonium cation, [H₃N(CH₂)₂NH₃]₂ Fe₄ O(PO₄)₄H₂O, has been synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric analysis, magnetic susceptibility and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The compound crystallizes in the mono-clinic space group C2 with a= 30.3801(5),b= 10.1204(5),c= 10.0977(5) Å, = 107.712(1)°, V = 2957.5(4) ų and Z = 6. The structure contains 5 and 6-coordinated Fe atoms bridged by ₄-oxygen and PO₄ groups to form two types of mixed-valence Fe₄P₄ cubane-like clusters, which are connected via Fe- O- P bonds to give rise to intersecting channels that house the ethylenediammonium cations and water molecules. Room-temperature Mossbauer data confirm the presence of Fe^II and Fe^III.     

Mechanical Activation of Tetracalcium Phosphate

It was found that prolonged high-energy ball-milling of Hilgenstokite (tetracalcium phosphate, TTCP) resulted in a decrease in both particle and crystallite size, leading to a mechanical activation of the compound. This mechanically activated material demonstrated a high reactivity such that, in contrast to highly crystalline TTCP, a setting reaction with water to nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) and Ca(OH)₂ could be achieved at 37°C. However, crystalline TTCP is practically unreactive at physiologic temperatures because of the formation of a thin HA layer on the particle surface preventing further reaction.     

Self-emulsifiable soybean oil phosphate ester polyols for low-VOC corrosion resistant coatings

A series of soybean oil phosphate ester polyols (SOPEP) was prepared by reaction of fully epoxidized soybean oil with phosphoric acid and simultanoeous hydrolysis in the presence of a polar solvent. The polyols were characterized by determination of acid value, oxirane number, hydroxyl value, molecular weight (GPC), and FTIR spectra. These polyols with varying amounts of acid phosphate groups could be self-emulsified to form aqueous dispersions after neutralization with organic base. These aqueous dispersion showed varying degrees of stability and their appearance ranged from opaque dispersions to translucent to clear solutions. Waterborne coating compositions were prepared using these aqueous dispersions as principal components and their thermally cured film properties were studied. it was found that by careful selection and formulation, SOPEPs can be successfully used for low-VOC waterborne coating formulations. SOPEPs with 3.5% phosphate ester content showed visibly superior corrosion resistance properties.     

磷酸铁锂锂离子电池正极材料的研究

锂离子电池是绿色高能可充电池，具有工作电压高、比能量大、自放电小、循环寿命长、无记忆效应、无环境污染等突出优点。本文从磷酸铁锂的结构与性能、材料的制备方法、改性、粒径控制等几方面综述了近年来对橄榄石型磷酸铁锂（LiFePO4）锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展。材料的粒度大小及其分布、离子和电子的传导能力对产品的电化学性能影响很大。在制备时，采用惰性气氛、掺杂导电材料和控制晶粒生长制备粉体是获得性能优良的LiFePO4的有效方法。     

Reaction pathway of benzonitrile formation during toluene ammoxidation on vanadium phosphate catalysts

The reaction pathway of the ammoxidation of toluene on (VO)₂P₂O₇ used as catalyst and the interaction of potential intermediates with the pyrophosphate were studied by spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, EPR), temperature-programmed chemisorptions/ reactions (TPD, TPRS) and transient studies such as the temporal analysis of products (TAP) technique. NH₃ is chemisorbed on the catalyst surface, forming three different species, i.e., NH ₄ ⁺ ions located on BrØnsted sites, coordinatively bound NH₃ on Lewis sites and NH ₂ ^– groups, presumably P-NH₂. Toluene that is probably adsorbed on Lewis sites reacts in a first step to a benzyl radical. A subsequent partial oxidation by interaction of V^IV=O groups generates a V...O=CH-C₆H₅ surface structure. This benzaldehyde-like surface species reacts with adsorbed NH₃ according to a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. TAP experiments on ammonium-containing vanadium phosphates revealed that NH ₄ ⁺ ions could act as potential N-insertion species. No formation of benzylamine as well as the generation of V=NH surface groups as possible intermediates or N-insertion sites were observed.     

A vibrational study of the activation sequence of C–H and C–C bonds of isobutene and 1-butene on Mo(110) and (4 × 4)-C/Mo(110) surfaces

The thermal decomposition pathways of isobutene and 1-butene on both Mo(110) and 4 × 4-C/Mo(110) surfaces have been studied using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) in order to highlight the substantially different activities of these two surfaces towards the cleavage of C–H and C–C bonds. On clean Mo(110), the CH₂ group of isobutene decomposes upon heating to 150 K, producing either a /-bonded isobutenylidene [(CH₃)₂CCH] species or a 1,1-di-/-bonded isobutenyl [(CH₃)₂CC] species. Upon further heating, extensive C–H bond scission occurs to form hydrocarbon fragments which do not contain CH₃ or CH₂ groups, but appear to have largely intact carbon skeletons. By contrast, isobutene is molecularly adsorbed on the carbide-modified surface at 150 K. Further heating produces isobutylidyne [(CH₃)₂HCC] by 300 K, which subsequently decomposes via C–C bond scission to generate surface methyl groups. The different activation sequence of the C–H and C–C bonds of isobutene on clean and carbide-modified Mo(110) surfaces is also qualitatively confirmed by comparative studies of 1-butene on the two surfaces.     

化纤油剂用表面活性剂单体的性能及应用

介绍了用作化纤油剂平滑剂、抗静电剂、乳化剂的磷酸酯、硫酸酯、脂肪酸酯、聚醚等表面活性剂单体的结构特点与性能 ,指出了应加速我国化纤油剂用表面活性剂单体的优化开发。     

Phosphorus availability from phosphate rock and sewage sludge as influenced by the addition of water soluble phosphate fertilizer

Phosphorus (P) inputs are required for sustainable agricultural production in most acid soils of the tropics and subtropics. Phosphate rocks (PR) and organic materials have been suggested as alternative P sources in these soils. Quantitative information on the P availability from sewage sludge (SL) is scanty. Methods to improve the effectiveness of PR such as partial acidulation and compaction with water-soluble P sources have been recommended. The objective of this greenhouse study was to evaluate the relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) of Florida PR and sewage sludges (irradiated and non-irradiated) applied alone and in mixture with a water-soluble source (triple superphosphate, TSP) at two rates (50 and 150 mg P kg^–1 soil). The ³²P isotope dilution technique was utilised to determine the proportion of P in the plant taken up from the P fertilizer treatments. Wheat was grown on an acid loamy sand Dystric Eutrocrepts and harvested 6 weeks after planting. Results on total P uptake and the RAE of the P fertilizer sources tested indicated that the addition of 50 mg P kg^–1 soil as TSP was adequate in supplying P to the 6-week-old wheat plants as compared to PR and sewage sludge. Intermediate values were obtained for the mixtures. Similar responses were observed for the high P rate. For a given P rate, phosphorus uptake from PR and SL in presence of TSP was higher than P uptake from these sources alone, indicating an enhancement effect of TSP on the effectiveness of these non-readily available sources. With respect to P uptake from PR applied alone, the relative increases in P uptake from PR due to TSP influence were 52 and 67% for the low and high P rates, respectively. The relative increases in P uptake from SL due to TSP when compared to P uptake from SL alone were 102 and 59% for the low and high P rates of application. Application of a water-soluble P fertilizer together with a non-readily available P source shows an enhancement on the P uptake from the non-readily available P source by the wheat plants. In this experiment the estimated enhancement effects are very likely underestimated.